In Islam, salam greetings are prescribed by the Qur'an and Sunnah, have a special form and are obligatory. The history of greetings is rooted in the distant past. Almighty Allah, after creating Adam, said to him: “Go and greet those angels sitting in the distance and listen carefully to the return greeting, as this will be a form of greeting for your offspring.” And Adam greeted the angels, saying to them: "Assalamu alaikum" - to which the angels answered him: "Wa Alaykum Assalam varahmatullahi."
Over time, salam greetings gradually lost their form, and each people greeted each other according to their own ideas.
If a Muslim greets a fellow believer in the proper form, then he receives the double goodness of Allah (sawab). The first savab is for the greeting itself, and the second is for creating conditions for another person to receive the savab, answering him in the same way.
Allah himself in the Qur'an (in more than 10 places) gives Salam, greeting Muslims, his slaves. The Almighty sent down the privilege of greeting all the predecessors and followers of the Prophet Muhammad. According to the Qur'an, when a Muslim is greeted, he should respond with an even better greeting or the same. And Allah counts these things. To the greeting “Assalam alaikum”, one should answer “Vaalaikum Assalam varahmatullahi”, and to “Vaalaikum Assalam varahmatullahi” one should answer “Wa alaikum Assalam varahmatullahi vabarakatuhu”. By applying these instructions of the Qur'an in everyday life, a Muslim receives the blessing of the Almighty. Greeting others is a trait of an angel!
Salam helps to strengthen the unity of souls. Only smiling and friendly Muslims unite their souls. The followers of the Prophet attached great importance to Salam. So, for example, if the path of two satellites was separated by a tree, then, being close by, they again joyfully greeted each other.
Salam should be given to everyone, both small and old, and members of one's family. The first salam is given by the rider to the one on foot, the rider on the horse to the rider on the mule, the one who walks to the one sitting, the small community to the large community. Salam is interpreted as a kind of prayer, therefore, in the form in which Muslims greet each other, Salam is not given when meeting with a non-Muslim. If a non-Muslim greets you with the words “Assalamu alaikum”, then it is enough for him to answer “Valeikum”.
Salam greetings should not be given when reading the Koran, prayers, hadiths, khutbah, Iqamat, Azan, during lessons, people in the bathhouse with uncovered shameful places, gambling, being at the card table and in the toilet, an unfamiliar girl, a young woman, people who are engaged in blasphemy (condemnation), drinking alcohol, a judge in a courthouse, a person eating food, singers while singing, a man who looks at strangers women or girls. It is not forbidden to greet an elderly woman and even shaking hands with her is allowed, provided that this action does not cause your passion.
Handshake
According to the Sunnah, Muslims are required to shake hands when they meet. It is believed that when shaking hands, sins are “showered” from fellow believers. During the handshake of two Muslims, love is transmitted through the blood veins of the thumbs, which contributes to the development of friendship and unity in faith.
The process of shaking hands was known among the Companions of the Prophet. A greeting with a handshake took place both when meeting a person and when parting with him. At the same time, a handshake at parting had the same meaning as at a meeting. It is also prescribed by Shariah to shake hands after prayer. In the mosque, shaking hands is allowed on holidays.
The Prophet Muhammad said this about shaking hands: “If two Muslims, having met, shake hands with each other, Allah will forgive them even before they disperse.”
Greet each other, because this is a manifestation of a good disposition!
Wa alaikum as-salaam.
In Islam, there is no exact timetable for the time of Fasting or Namaz, since only Allah knows when this time will come. Schedules that are made on different sites and at mosques - they help us to know the time APPROXIMATELY, but we must learn to determine the exact time visually or guided by the visual observation of reliable Muslims.
In 2013, the month of Ramadan will begin around June 8th or 9th., depending on the visual observation of the appearance of a new crescent in the sky and the beginning of the month of Ramadan after sunset around June 8-9, 2013 (Shaban 29, 1432 h.).
Observation of the beginning of the month of Ramadan on the evening before the thirtieth day of Shaban is obligatory, since the duty of Fasting is imputed in one of two cases:
1) A vision of the young month of the beginning of the month of Ramadan on the evening before the thirtieth day of Shaban;
2) The completion of the month of Sha'ban on the thirtieth day, in accordance with the words of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him: “Keep Fasting when you see the young month (Ramadan), and if you could not see it, then calculate the completion of the month of Sha'ban on the thirtieth day, and stop it (Fasting) when you see the young month of Shauwal. Narrated by Imams Al-Bukhariy, Muslim and others.
In accordance with the Shari'ah, the beginning of the lunar month must be determined only by visual observation of the new moon. You cannot determine the beginning of the lunar month by calculations and your personal assumptions.
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Observation of the new moon of the month of Ramadan should begin after sunset on the 29th day of the month of Sha'ban. Anyone who saw the beginning of the month of Ramadan must observe the Fast. Anyone who has not seen it himself, but has learned about it from a trusted, free from slavery Muslim, who is known to be not a deceiver, is obliged to observe the Fast of Ramadan. Abu-Dawud said that the son of ‘Umar (II Caliph), may Allah bless them, told the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, that he saw the beginning of the month of Ramadan, after which the Prophet himself observed the Fast and ordered other believers to observe it. You can also observe Fasting if a boy or a woman and even a sinner speaks about the beginning of the month, if you take their words with confidence. Otherwise, one should wait until the end of the month of Shaban on the thirtieth day.
If Everyone (the Shari`at judge) confirms the beginning of the Fast, then all residents of the given area, as well as those neighboring it, located in the same time zone (the sun rises and sets at the same time), are obliged to observe it, according to the mazhab of Imam Shafi' uy. According to the madhhab of Imam Abu Hanifa, fasting is required for all believers located anywhere in the world who have learned about the beginning of the month of Ramadan, regardless of distance. The inhabitants of the East are obliged to observe the Fast of Ramadan, even if they were informed about its beginning by the inhabitants of the West, and vice versa.
How to determine the beginning of the month of Ramadan?
The first day of Ramadan, like the first day of any month in the lunar calendar, begins with the appearance of a new month (new moon).
Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, taught us:
“Start fasting when you see the new moon of Ramadan and stop fasting when you see the new moon of Shawwal. And if it was cloudy and you could not see the new moon, then consider the coming day as the 30th day of the month of Sha'ban.
In accordance with the Shari'ah, the beginning of the lunar month must be determined only by visual observation of the new moon. You cannot determine the beginning of the lunar month by calculations and your personal assumptions.
The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: “The best among the servants of Allah are those who watch the sun, moon and shadow for worship”.
Briefly about the rules of Fasting: after sunset and before sunrise, an intention is made in the heart that the next day you will observe the obligatory Fasting of the month of Ramadan. You can eat and drink after the full sunset and before the beginning of DAWN, that is, BEFORE the beginning of the morning Namaz ...
It is imperative to stop eating and drinking before the start of the time of the morning Namaz, this is about 1.5-2 hours before the start of sunrise.
“Assalamu alaikum” are the words of greeting that Muslims have been using for several hundred years as a greeting to their fellow believers. These are the most beautiful words, because with them we wish peace to our brother or sister. This is very important, because the word "salaam" - "peace" is used quite often in the holy book of Muslims - the Koran. This word is used in the formulation of the blessing of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
The history of this type of greeting is as old as the existence of mankind itself.
Almighty Allah, having created our forefather Adam (peace be upon him), said to him: “Go and greet those angels sitting in the distance and listen carefully to their response words, as this will be a form of greeting your offspring.” Adam (peace be upon him) greeted the angels with the words: assalyamu alaikum ". The angels answered him: Waalaikum salamu wa rahmatullahi "(Imam Bukhari, Muslim).
« When you are greeted, respond with an even better greeting or the same ". (Surah an-Nisa', ayat 86) This verse indicates that we are obliged to respond to a greeting with a similar greeting or better, that is, if we are told “assalam alaikum”, we are obliged to answer “waalaikum assalam”, but it will be more valuable if we add "wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh".
Closest to Allah are those people who are the first to greet others "(Abu Dawood, Imam Ahmad).
Imran bin Hussein says that a man came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and said: “Assalamu alaikum!” The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) replied to him: “Wa alaykum salam, you have ten good deeds for this greeting.” Then a second man came in and said: “Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah!” The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) responded with the same greeting and said: “You have twenty good deeds.” Then a third came in and said: “Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh!” The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) responded with the same greeting and said: “You have thirty good deeds.” When the fourth one came in and said: “Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh va mahfiratukh!” - The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) greeted him in the same way, saying: "You have forty good deeds."
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Assalam is the name of Allah and spread it among yourselves ". In another hadith of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), cited by Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him), it says: You will not enter Paradise until your faith (iman) is complete, and your faith will not be complete until you love each other. Shall I point out to you that by doing which you will love each other? Spread Assalaam among you ". This hadeeth calls for the spread of salam among Muslims. When a person walks, he greets the seated one, the youngest - the eldest, having entered the house, you need to greet the household, and if he enters and there is no one in the house, then they say: “Assalamu alayna wa ala ibadillahi ssalikhin!”
Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who served the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) for ten years, narrated the following words: “ Oh Anas, I bequeath this to you, and you take care of the will, multiply your prayers at night and the angels will love you. Upon entering the house, greet the household, and the Almighty will increase your barakat. If you can lie down to sleep in ablution, then lie down, because if you die while in ablution, then you will die a martyr (martyr). When you leave your house, greet everyone you meet, Allah will increase your good deeds. Respect the older Muslims and be merciful to the younger Muslims. You and I will be in paradise, like these two fingers,” he said, showing his index and middle fingers, “you know, O Anas, truly, Allah is content with a slave who thanks for every piece and sip of water, praises Allah».
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Verily, in Paradise there is a tree with blessings which the eye has not seen, the ear has not heard and which cannot be imagined. ". The companions asked: O Messenger of Allah, for whom is this tree prepared? ", to which the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) replied:" To the one who spreads salaam, feeds food, fasts constantly and performs prayer at night when people sleep ". The companions asked: And who can do all this? The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: The one who meets his brother and greets him. Who feeds his family to the fullest. The one who fasts in the month of Ramadan and six days of Shawwal, constantly fasting, and the one who performs night and morning prayers with the jamaat, that person performs prayers at night when other people sleep ».
In a hadith it is narrated: The most pleasing to Allah are those of you who first begin the salutation ". Moreover, in the Holy Quran, Allah Almighty Himself welcomes His slaves on ten occasions.
You should greet each other every time you are separated. I remember one alim, when he gave a lesson and, if necessary, left the office, each time he entered again, he greeted a group of Mutaalim. During the lesson, this could happen more than once. Sometimes it seemed ridiculous, but our righteous companions acted in exactly the same way. For example, if the companions on the road were separated by a tree, then they greeted each other as soon as they left that same tree behind them.
It is undesirable to pronounce greetings during the adhan and iqamat, when people are busy answering the adhan and iqamat, but if suddenly someone did say it, you need to answer. You should not greet a praying person, performing ablution, reading the Koran, so as not to distract him from Ibadat (worship). The Sharia also indicates some other cases in which it is undesirable to give a greeting with the words “Assalamu alaikum”.
Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O people, spread salaam, feed food and pray at night when people are sleeping, then you will enter paradise ».
There are many different forms of greeting, they sound different in different languages, but they have the same general meaning. The best greeting is "Assalamu alaikum", whose history goes back many millennia.
I remember one of the leading news releases always ended her broadcast with the words "Peace to your home." The world can be very different, but it will be as strong and cramped as we ourselves want it to be. And by doing seemingly small things, such as a simple greeting, we are laying a powerful foundation of peace for ourselves, with our family, society and Allah Almighty.
The words "Assalamu alaikum" strengthen love, understanding among Muslims. They are the unifying factor. And may Allah Almighty help us with the same words to enter a blessed paradise! Amine.
And used by Muslims of various ethnicities, it is also used by Christian Arabs and Arab Jews. Equivalent to "hello". This greeting is traditionally answered walaikumu s-salaam(Arab. وَعَلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامُ - peace to you too) . The concept of "salaam", the same root as the word "islam", originally had a purely religious meaning and was used in the sense of "peace with God".
About greetings in the Qur'an and Sunnah
According to the Qur'an, Muslims are required to respond to a greeting using no less words than the one who greeted first:“When you are greeted, respond with an even better greeting or the same one. Verily, Allah counts every thing.”
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Notes
Literature
- Bernard Lewis: Die politische Sprache des Islam. Berlin 1991. S. 133-135 (und Anm. 18-24 auf S. 233-234)
- Ignaz Goldziher in: Die Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, bd. 46, S.22-23.
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An excerpt characterizing As-salamu alaikum
The officer went up to Makar Alekseevich and seized him by the collar.Makar Alekseich, parting his lips, as if falling asleep, swayed, leaning against the wall.
“Brigand, tu me la payeras,” said the Frenchman, withdrawing his hand.
– Nous autres nous sommes clements apres la victoire: mais nous ne pardonnons pas aux traitres, [Robber, you will pay me for this. Our brother is merciful after the victory, but we do not forgive the traitors,] he added with gloomy solemnity in his face and with a beautiful energetic gesture.
Pierre continued to persuade the officer in French not to exact from this drunken, insane man. The Frenchman listened in silence, without changing his gloomy look, and suddenly turned to Pierre with a smile. He looked at him silently for a few seconds. His handsome face took on a tragically tender expression, and he held out his hand.
- Vous m "avez sauve la vie! Vous etes Francais, [You saved my life. You are a Frenchman,]" he said. For a Frenchman, this conclusion was undeniable. Only a Frenchman could do a great deed, and saving his life, m r Ramball "I capitaine du 13 me leger [Monsieur Rambal, captain of the 13th light regiment] was, without a doubt, the greatest deed.
But no matter how undoubted this conclusion and the officer’s conviction based on it, Pierre considered it necessary to disappoint him.
“Je suis Russe, [I am Russian],” Pierre said quickly.
- Ti ti ti, a d "autres, [tell it to others] - said the Frenchman, waving his finger in front of his nose and smiling. - Tout a l "heure vous allez me conter tout ca," he said. – Charme de rencontrer un compatriote. Eh bien! qu "allons nous faire de cet homme? [Now you will tell me all this. It is very nice to meet a compatriot. Well! what should we do with this man?] - he added, addressing Pierre, already as his brother. If only Pierre was not a Frenchman, having once received this highest title in the world, he could not renounce it, said the expression on the face and tone of the French officer. To the last question, Pierre once again explained who Makar Alekseich was, explained that just before their arrival this a drunken, insane man dragged away a loaded pistol, which they did not have time to take away from him, and asked that his deed be left without punishment.
The Frenchman stuck out his chest and made a royal gesture with his hand.
- Vous m "avez sauve la vie. Vous etes Francais. Vous me demandez sa grace? Je vous l" accorde. Qu "on emmene cet homme, [You saved my life. You are a Frenchman. Do you want me to forgive him? I forgive him. Take this man away,] the French officer said quickly and energetically, taking by the arm what he had produced for saving his life into Pierre's French, and went with him to the house.
The soldiers who were in the yard, hearing the shot, went into the passage, asking what had happened, and expressing their readiness to punish the guilty; but the officer severely stopped them.
“On vous demandera quand on aura besoin de vous, [When needed, you will be called,” he said. The soldiers left. The batman, who had meanwhile been in the kitchen, approached the officer.
“Capitaine, ils ont de la soupe et du gigot de mouton dans la cuisine,” he said. - Faut il vous l "apporter? [The captain has soup and roast lamb in the kitchen. Would you like to bring it?]
- Oui, et le vin, [Yes, and wine,] - said the captain.
The French officer, together with Pierre, entered the house. Pierre considered it his duty to assure the captain again that he was not a Frenchman, and wanted to leave, but the French officer did not want to hear about it. He was so courteous, amiable, good-natured and truly grateful for saving his life that Pierre did not have the courage to refuse him and sat down with him in the hall, in the first room into which they entered. To Pierre's assertion that he was not a Frenchman, the captain, obviously not understanding how it was possible to refuse such a flattering title, shrugged his shoulders and said that if he certainly wants to be known as a Russian, then so be it, but that he, despite then, all the same forever connected with him by a feeling of gratitude for saving a life.
If this person had been gifted with at least some ability to understand the feelings of others and had guessed about Pierre's feelings, Pierre would probably have left him; but the lively impenetrability of this man to everything that was not himself defeated Pierre.
- Francais ou prince russe incognito, [Frenchman or Russian prince incognito,] - said the Frenchman, looking at Pierre's dirty, but thin underwear and the ring on his hand. - Je vous dois la vie je vous offre mon amitie. Un Francais n "oublie jamais ni une insulte ni un service. Je vous offre mon amitie. Je ne vous dis que ca. [I owe you my life, and I offer you friendship. A Frenchman never forgets insults or services. I offer my friendship to you, I say no more.]
In the sounds of his voice, in the expression of his face, in the gestures of this officer, there was so much good nature and nobility (in the French sense) that Pierre, responding with an unconscious smile to the smile of the Frenchman, shook the outstretched hand.
- Capitaine Ramball du treizieme leger, decore pour l "affaire du Sept, [Captain Ramball, thirteenth light regiment, cavalier of the Legion of Honor for the cause of the seventh of September,] - he introduced himself with a smug, uncontrollable smile that wrinkled his lips under his mustache. - Voudrez vous bien me dire a present, a qui "j" ai l "honneur de parler aussi agreablement au lieu de rester a l" ambulance avec la balle de ce fou dans le corps. [Will you be so kind as to tell me now who I am with I have the honor of talking so pleasantly, instead of being at the dressing station with this madman's bullet in his body?]
How to respond to the greeting "salaam alaikum!" (in the correct transcription "as-salamu alaikum")? Over the past twenty years, this issue has attracted a lot of attention from the Russian-speaking population. This is probably due to the conflict between the Russian Federation and the Islamic State. However, this is a completely different topic for discussion.
What is "salamu alaikum"? The translation of the Arabic greeting means "peace be with you." Muslim traditions and customs have always been characterized by a radical order. Naturally, Allah (that is, the Arab God) is placed above all else, and then the family. When greeting "salaam alaikum!" the answer should sound appropriate: that is, with the same respect and reverence. Everything is said about this gesture in the holy book of Muslims called the Koran (translated from Arabic as “reading aloud”). Every correct Muslim lives according to the laws of the Holy Scripture.
"Salam alaikum!": translation and answer
This phrase is a standard greeting among Muslims and is used in all occasions and contexts. "Salam alaikum" in Arabic colloquial speech is used as often as "Allahu Akbar" (a phrase in which Muslims exalt their God, translated - "Allah is great").
A typical response to the greeting "as-salamu alaikum!" is "wa-alaikum as-salaam", which in translation from Arabic into Russian means "peace be with you."
This greeting has changed into significantly reduced forms of neighboring languages - from Malagasy (the language of the inhabitants of the island and the state of Madagascar) to Urdu (an Indo-European language common in Pakistan). The most popular modified greeting is the word "salaam" (in Persian salam).
How do Muslims say goodbye?
Muslims have two of the most common farewells:
- “Is-salamu alekom!”, which translated into Russian means “peace be upon you from Allah!”;
- “haer”, that is, “goodbye!”.
The difference between these farewells is only that in the first case, a person wishes goodness, health and well-being from Allah. That is, it expresses maximum respect for the interlocutor. After all, a wish from God is the highest degree of reverence. In the second case - just a banal and non-binding farewell.
"Salam alaikum!": the answer and the shortened form of "salaam"
Over the past century, residents of countries with a mixed population professing different religions (in which Islam remains dominant and predominant) have increasingly used the greeting not “as-salamu alaikum”, but a simple and shortened “salam” (or “salaam”). At the same time, people of a different faith greet Muslims and their own kind with a shortened word. How to respond to "salaam"? When addressing you with the word “salaam”, you can answer in the same way, or you can answer in full - “wa-alaikum as-salaam”.
How do Jews greet each other?
"Shalom Aleichem!" (Ashkenazi pronunciation - "Sholom Aleichem") - a form of greeting that is traditional among Jews around the world. This greeting is usually used by Ashkenazi Jews (German-speaking European Jews). Modern Hebrew also uses a shortened version of the shalom greeting. In response to such an appeal, one should say “aleichem-sholom”.
You should always answer using no less words than in a greeting.
We have already familiarized ourselves with the above forms of greeting, however, the familiar “as-salamu alaikum” is an abbreviated form of this good wish. The full version in translation means "peace be upon you, the mercy of Allah and His blessing." In accordance with the law of the Koran, every Muslim must answer in the same open and verbose way. The ideal answer is “wa-alaykum as-salaam wa-rahmatu-llahi wa-barakatuh”, which translates as “peace, mercy of Allah and His blessings to you”.
Why is this so important for Muslims? Greeting example
For Muslim peoples, all life is directly connected with religion and creed. Every Muslim should know the Quran as his name. He should also say prayers several times a day. The phrase "as-salamu alaikum" has a rich meaning, which every representative of Islam remembers.
To the phrase "salaam alaikum!" the answer should be "wa-alaykum as-salaam". This is how mutual respect and respect is expressed when greeting.
"As-salamu", as mentioned above, is translated as "peace". A lot of meaning has been invested in this concept, that is, the world is overnight “safety”, “prosperity”, “well-being”, “health” and “prosperity”. This word is included in the "99 names of Allah" (names of God taken from the Koran and Sunnah). Based on this, it can be understood that every Muslim who said “as-salamu” means that Allah is “God who gives peace and prosperity, he is pure and has no flaws.”
The polysemy of "salam" and its derivatives
The lexical secrets of the Arabic language do not end there. The root of the word "salam" comes from the word "Muslim" (as well as "Muslim"). Among Muslims, it is believed that a person who worships Allah is a role model for society. A sincere believer shows reliability and security by his deeds and actions. A Muslim is the embodiment of peace, kindness, order and a healthy lifestyle. Such a person always knows what he wants from life, he has an idea about the universe and himself.
So they promise that they will be responsible for the life of the interlocutor
A Muslim who says “salaam” to his own kind, in one word expresses to him respect, respect and well-being from the Almighty, who will protect him from everything unfavorable. That is, such words are considered a wish for security among representatives of the monotheistic Abrahamic religion. When greeting "salaam alaikum!" the answer should sound with great wishes and respect. Such rules. "Salam" is an unspoken promise to ban encroachment on property, honor and life.
