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Animals and plants of Australia
Eucalyptus is considered the plant symbol of Australia. The huge tree has powerful roots that go 20 or even 30 meters into the ground! This amazing tree has adapted to the arid Australian climate. Eucalyptus trees growing near swamps are able to draw water from a reservoir and thereby drain the swamp. In this way, for example, the marshy land of Colchis on the Caucasus coast was drained. In addition, eucalyptus has narrow leaves that are turned edge-on towards the sun. Just imagine a huge eucalyptus forest, and there is practically no shade in it! The east coast of Australia, where it is washed by the Pacific Ocean, is surrounded by bamboo thickets. Closer to the south there are bottle trees, the fruits of which resemble a bottle in shape. The Aborigines extract rainwater from them. Flora of Australia
In the north there are dense subtropical forests. Here you can see huge palm trees and mangroves. The entire northern coast, where precipitation falls the most, grows acacias and pandanuses, horsetail and ferns. Towards the south the forest thins out. The savannah zone begins, which in the spring is a lush carpet of tall grasses, and by summer it dries out, burns out and turns into a soulless desert. Central Australia is a grassland area.
But cultivated plants were brought to Australia by Europeans. Only after the colonization of the mainland began to grow cotton, flax, wheat, vegetables and fruits characteristic of European flora.
The fauna of Australia is very rich and diverse. The first feature of the animal world: Australia is home to a huge number of endemic animals, that is, animals that are not found anywhere else on the planet. These are, of course, kangaroos and koalas, which are recognized as symbols of the southern continent. There are 17 genera and more than 50 species of kangaroos alone. The smallest of them are only 20-23 cm tall, and the largest reach a height of 160 cm. Did you know that there are kangaroo rats, rock and tree kangaroos and even derby kangaroos? However, in Australia itself, the word “kangaroo” is used to describe only two representatives of this genus of marsupials: the gray giant and the red one. The rest are called wallabies. Australian fauna
Lives only in Tasmania; sometimes it is even called the Tasmanian devil. This predator spends the day in bushes and goes out hunting at night. He loves to fight, enters into battle with a stronger opponent, and even defeats dogs. If caught as a cub, it is easily tamed and becomes attached to a person. Marsupial devil
The platypus is a very special lower mammal. It has a large, spatulate beak, which gives it a bird-like appearance. Although the platypus is a mammal, its female lays eggs, usually two, in a soft filmy shell, which she incubates in the nest for about ten days. The cubs are born blind, completely devoid of hair, and the mother feeds them while lying on her back - the babies lick the milk, which is secreted from the milk pores on the skin. When the cubs are old enough, the mother takes them to the water to hunt for small animals. The platypus spends most of its time in a hole that the platypus digs near running water.
There are also many birds that have lived on these lands from time immemorial. These are powerful emu ostriches, huge cockatoo parrots, resounding with their screams in the forests of Australia. These are lyre birds, whose twittering resembles the sound of a musical instrument and crowned doves. Walking through the forests of Australia you can hear sounds similar to human laughter. These are the kookaburras, amazing Australian birds that live in tree holes, chirping. Many birds are brightly colored.
In the south you can meet penguins, which are brought here from Antarctica. The waters are roamed by huge whales, which, with the onset of cold weather, migrate north towards Africa. There are dolphins and bloodthirsty sharks. The rivers of Australia have become home to huge crocodiles. The Great Barrier Reef is the kingdom of corals and polyps, moray eels and stingrays.
The second feature of Australia: there are no mammals from the class of predators, with the exception of the only representative of this species: wild dogs Dingo. Europeans also brought domestic animals to Australia. Since colonization, fat herds of sheep began to roam the expanses of the Australian savannah. Goats, cows and horses, dogs and cats appeared.
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- Ostrich Emu.
- A bird about two meters high, the Australian ostrich. Lives in large herds that constantly move in search of food and water. The female emu lays large green eggs, but the male does the incubation.
- Kuzu.
- A nocturnal marsupial that lives primarily in trees.
- It has a prehensile tail that can firmly hold onto tree branches, like monkeys.
- It feeds on leaves, flowers and bark, but does not disdain bird eggs.
- Often these animals live close to people, often forming numerous and noisy colonies.
- Marsupial wolf or telacine.
- One of the rare marsupial predators.
- It was distributed throughout Australia, but by the beginning of the 20th century it survived only in Tasmania, where it was completely exterminated by the early 40s of the 20th century. His habits are little studied.
- Kangaroo.
- Australia's most famous animal is the kangaroo. The kangaroo is an extraordinary animal. Slow and fast, trusting and fearful, meek and dangerous. His front legs are much weaker than his hind legs. When grazing, it gets on all fours. And it moves by jumping on its hind legs; they are strong and muscular, with strong claws. And he is protected by them. He will sit on the tail-support, and how he will hit! When escaping, it makes jumps up to 9m in length, but cannot run for long.
- Platypus.
- The female platypus climbs into a hole to lay eggs and drags armfuls of wet leaves into it. She seals the entrance to the hole from the inside with earth and then most often lays 2 eggs. After hatching, platypuses reach a length of 2.5 cm as children; they are naked and blind. For the most part, they lie motionless on the water, the current carries them down the river.
- Koala.
- While there is generally no need to worry about the fate of the Kangaroo in Australia, the marsupial representative of the animal world, the Koala bear, is now very rare. Australia was once home to millions of these funny and harmless animals, but now their habitat includes only a narrow strip of the east coast of Australia! This wonderful bear cub lives in eucalyptus forests, which is what it eats.
- Echidna.
- The echidna is a small marsupial. The mother lays a single egg directly into the pouch; when the baby hatches, she feeds it with milk. The echidna sleeps during the day, and at night it goes out to look for ants, termites, and worms.
- Marsupial devil.
- Lives only in Tasmania; sometimes it is even called the Tasmanian devil.
- This predator spends the day in bushes and goes hunting at night.
- He loves to fight, enters into battle with a stronger opponent, and even defeats dogs.
- If caught as a cub, it is easily tamed and becomes attached to a person.
- THANK YOU
- FOR ATTENTION.
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Echidna The echidna is a relative of the platypus, but is not at all like it. This is a terrestrial animal that looks like a hedgehog. The echidna's body is covered with sharp needles, which constitute its only weapon, its muzzle is elongated, its mouth is small and toothless. The echidna lives in bush thickets, feeds on ants, which it licks with a long thin tongue, tearing apart anthills with strong claws or turning over stones. The echidna reproduces by eggs. She places the only egg, covered with a hard shell, in a “bag” on her belly, where the baby hatches. When the baby grows needles, the mother releases him into the wild
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KOALA In Australia, koalas inhabit eucalyptus forests. They spend their entire lives on eucalyptus trees, feeding on the leaves of these trees. Koalas are excellent climbers, although slowness is their main property. Koalas are amazingly cute and attractive. They are very popular with children and there is always a crowd around the koala cages at zoos. Australians love this animal very much: when a koala slowly crosses a highway, even with heavy traffic, all cars, as if on command, freeze and wait patiently.
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KANGAROO The appearance of a kangaroo is familiar to everyone. Among them there are giants taller than a person, there are small forms (wallabies), and there are even tree kangaroos. All of them are herbivores, they move in large leaps, and carry their cubs in a pouch on their stomachs. Often the already grown cubs nibble grass next to their mother, but when alarmed they climb back into the pouch and look out from there, feeling safe. Kangaroo meat is edible and Australians export it to other countries, and in Europe they are often farmed for restaurants and cafes.
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BOMBAT The wombat most closely resembles a huge (up to 40 kilograms) tailless marmot. It even has the same teeth, unlike the teeth of other marsupials. This is a surprisingly good-natured, calm and slightly active animal. Wombats live in deep and complex burrows, from which they come out to feed only in the dark, at night, feed exclusively on grass, run quietly and soon get tired. Unfortunately, wombats did not get along with cattle breeders, who claimed that wombats spoil sheep pastures with their burrows. They were shot at with guns and caught in traps. As a result, wombats, like many marsupials, were on the verge of complete extermination. Now they are under protection, and their numbers are gradually increasing.
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Dingo Dingo is not a real Australian. Hundreds of years ago, he was a domestic dog and sailed to the shores of Australia on rafts from the inhabitants of other islands. Here he broke his former ties with man and went wild. The former owners returned home, or maybe they were killed by local residents who lived in Australia earlier. We will never know. But the dingo remained and became an absolutely equal member of the Australian animal world. Dingoes are small red, pointy-eared dogs; they live in packs, fight with humans and successfully escape from his pursuit, hunt kangaroos on their own, and give birth to puppies in deep, well-covered burrows. Now the dingo is a real wild animal, the only “non-marsupial” animal in Australia.
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Marsupial wolf The marsupial wolf is the largest predator in Australia and one of the rarest animals in the world. True, it bears little resemblance to an ordinary wolf: a striped back, a long thin tail, rounded ears. He is the terror of all herbivorous animals. The marsupial wolf came into conflict with cattle breeders, and suffered a sad fate - this interesting animal was completely exterminated on the continent. It is believed that several marsupial wolves still exist in Tasmania, an island located south of Australia. But who knows? There are no such animals in the zoos of the world, and any of them would give all their money for a pair of such wolves.
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Platypus The platypus is the size of a rabbit. It has a flat, beaver-like tail, webbed feet, and a body covered with short hair. The muzzle ends in a soft “beak” similar to a duck’s. The platypus feeds on small aquatic animals and is a good swimmer and diver. But the most amazing thing is that the platypus reproduces with eggs, like a bird. The female lays from 1 to 4 whitish eggs with a soft shell in a deep hole dug in the shore of a reservoir, the entrance to which she carefully seals. The female incubates the eggs in the folds of her body, curled up into a ball. The cubs feed on milk, and when they grow a little, they leave the hole and immediately move on to independent life.
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Lyrebird The lyrebird is Australia's most amazing bird. Outwardly it looks like a pheasant. The pheasant is the size of a chicken, stays mainly on the ground and is very secretive. He runs amazingly fast, but takes off reluctantly and rarely. The most amazing thing about the lyrebird is its long tail. Where the two outermost striped feathers curve beautifully outward, and the rest are like knitting needles, covered with sparse long hairs. This tail is very similar to a musical instrument - a lyre. When a bird runs among the bushes and touches their branches, it seems that music is about to start playing. By the way, the lyrebird can imitate the voices of all animals in Australia and even reproduce mechanical noises.
