On October 30, 1821, one of the most outstanding and world-famous Russian writers, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, was born in Moscow. He grew up in a family that was subject to strictly patriarchal orders, in which there were seven children. The life and routine of the entire Dostoevsky household depended on the mode of service of the father of the family, who worked as a physician in a local hospital. Wake up at six o'clock, lunch at twelve, and exactly at nine o'clock in the evening the family had dinner, read prayers and went to bed. The routine was repeated day after day. On the family evenings and activities parents often read greatest work Russian literature and history, which formed the creative mindset of the future writer.
When Fyodor Mikhailovich was only 16 years old, his mother suddenly died. The father was forced to send Fedor and his older brother, Mikhail, to the Main Engineering School in St. Petersburg, even though both boys dreamed of studying literature.
Fedor Mikhailovich did not like studying at all, because he was sure that this was not his calling. All free time he devoted himself to reading and translating literature, both domestic and foreign. In 1838, he and his comrades created a circle of literature, which included Berezhetsky, Beketov, Grigoriev. Five years later, Dostoevsky was given the position of an engineer, but he left it after a year and devoted himself to creativity.
In 1845, the Russian writer publishes one of his most famous novels, Poor People. They began to call him the "new Gogol". Nevertheless, the next work, "Double", was very coldly received by critics and the public. After that, he tried himself in the most different genres- comedy, tragicomedy, short story, novel, novel.
Accusations and exile
Dostoyevsky was convicted of spreading criminal thoughts against religion, although he denied all charges. He was sentenced to death penalty, but in last moment canceled the decision and replaced it with four years of hard labor in Omsk. In the work "Idiot" Fyodor Mikhailovich conveyed his feelings before the execution, and he wrote the image of the main character from himself. The history of serving hard labor is described in Notes from the Dead House.
Life after hard labor
In 1857, the writer marries for the first time. Dostoevsky had no native children with his first wife, Maria, but he had an adopted son, Pavel. The whole family in 1859 they moved to St. Petersburg. During this period, he writes one of the most recognized works - "Humiliated and Insulted".
1864 was a tragic year for the philosopher. His older brother dies, followed by his wife. He is fond of gambling, takes a lot of loans and gets into debt. In order to get at least some money, he writes the novel "The Gambler" in exactly 21 days with the participation of stenographer Anna Grigoryevna Snitkina. Anna becomes his second wife and takes care of all the financial issues of the family. They had four children. Next years are the most fruitful in the career of the author. He writes the novel "Demons", then - "Teenager" and key work all of it life path- The Brothers Karamazov.
The Russian thinker and philosopher died of tuberculosis in 1881, at the age of 59, in St. Petersburg. All the works of the author are imbued with the spirit of Russian realism and personalism, which should not have been accepted by contemporaries. He was recognized as a classic of Russian and even world literature of the 19th century after his death.
Four novels by Dostoevsky in 2002 were included in the list of one hundred best books Norwegian book club, which includes the most significant works of world literature according to one hundred writers from fifty-four countries. The writers opted for such works by the Russian classic as "Crime and Punishment", "Idiot", "Demons" and "The Brothers Karamazov". The novels of the greatest Russian writer are studied in schools, filmed in films and staged in the theater to this day.
Dostoevsky's life was not easy: he was poor all his life, suffered setbacks in his personal life for a long time, he was almost executed, but the death sentence was commuted to hard labor, depriving him of everything he had. Despite all the difficulties, the writer never left literature, and the difficulties only honed his understanding human characters and the circumstances under which they were formed. moved to the pages of his books, giving vitality, helped the works become classics of world literature.
- Dostoevsky was born in the family of a doctor and the daughter of a merchant, his grandfather was a priest in the Ukrainian village of Voytovtsy. But such interesting facts from the life of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky as his family tree from Polish nobles and their moving to Russian Empire after the division of the Commonwealth, became known after the death of the writer, when his wife took up compiling family tree families.
- By profession, Dostoevsky was an engineer, but the years spent at the school, considered wasted time
. All this time he dreamed of literature and after training, having worked for a year in the St. Petersburg engineering team, he resigned with the rank of lieutenant and began to write.
- Dostoevsky's first novel, Poor People, received the most commendable reviews from readers and critics, but no one accepted the second. The "Double" became a disappointment for fans of the new genius of literature, because of quarrels, Dostoevsky left the literary circle of V. Belinsky and stopped publishing in Sovremennik.
- Friends and employees characterized Fedor Mikhailovich as an evil, depraved and envious person.. He could treat servants with arrogance and contempt, but he himself considered himself the best of people. The second wife wrote about him as a generous, kind, selfless and compassionate person.
- On November 13, 1849, Dostoevsky and other Petrashevites, as state criminals, were sentenced to death by firing squad, but a week later the writer's sentence was changed to 8 years of hard labor, and at the end of the month to 4 years of hard labor, followed by service simple soldier. They also took away all the rights, status, titles, titles of nobility.
- In 1856, the convict Dostoevsky was transferred from Omsk to Semipalatinsk.. From a private he was promoted to junior officer, and soon he received the title, but only thanks to the amnesty of the Decembrists and Petrashevists, which was announced by Alexander II.
- During the penal servitude, the convicts were forbidden to read any literature, but in Tobolsk, from the wives of the Decembrists, Dostoevsky and other Petrashevites secretly received the Gospel, in each of which 10 rubles were pasted. Fyodor Mikhailovich kept the book all his life and bequeathed it to his eldest son.
- The personal life of the writer did not develop for a long time, the first time he married at the age of 36 to Maria Isaeva, but the marriage was not happy because of the betrayals and complex characters of the spouses.
- Hiding from creditors, Dostoevsky fled to Europe, where he lived for 4 years.. In the same place, he became addicted to gambling, lowered everything to the penny at roulette, which amassed huge debts. The second wife helped the writer get rid of the game.
- The second time Dostoevsky married 20-year-old Anna Snitkina. The writer was then 45 years old, but this did not prevent the spouses from loving each other, Fedor Mikhailovich, received the conditions in which he could work without being distracted by the surrounding problems - Anna Grigoryevna took over all household chores and financial affairs. She began to publish and sell her husband's novels, without using the services of intermediaries, earning thousands of rubles on this, but giving everything to creditors.
- Dostoevsky wrote the novel The Gambler in 26 days, dictating it to stenographer and future wife Anna Snitkina. The urgency was justified by a contract with the publisher Strelovsky, who acquired the right to print all the works of the writer without payment, and demanded that the new novel. Anna remained her husband's stenographer until his death.
- When Dostoevsky worked, there was always a glass next to him. strong tea, and in the dining room, even at night, a samovar was kept hot for him. The author himself said that even if the light fails, he will still drink tea.
- In the 20-60s of the XX century Soviet authority did not favor Dostoevsky - his works were not banned, but they were not studied in schools and universities, they were not published in full. Books were rehabilitated only when their success in the West outweighed accusations of counter-revolutionary ideas and anti-Semitism. They justified the author with the words that he got confused, stumbled and therefore walked the path not bequeathed by Lenin.
- Dostoevsky was very famous writer during his lifetime, but only after his death he received worldwide fame. His books have been translated and are still being translated into many languages of the world, most of all translations have been made into German.
- In 2007, the eighth translation of The Brothers Karamazov was published in Japan and became a bestseller, which indicates the relevance of the issues of reason, justice, spirituality and others that Dostoevsky set for himself and society more than 150 years ago.
Someone calls him a prophet, a gloomy philosopher, someone - an evil genius. He himself called himself "a child of the century, a child of disbelief, doubt." Much has been said about Dostoevsky as a writer, but his personality is surrounded by an aura of mystery. The multifaceted nature of the classic allowed him to leave a mark on the pages of history, to inspire millions of people around the world. His ability to expose vices, without turning away from them, made the characters so alive, and the works - full of mental suffering. Immersion in the world of Dostoevsky can be painful, difficult, but it gives birth to something new in people, this is exactly the kind of literature that educates. Dostoevsky is a phenomenon that needs to be studied for a long time and thoughtfully. short biography Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, some interesting facts from his life, creativity will be presented to your attention in the article.
Brief biography in dates
The main task of life, as Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky wrote, is “not to lose heart, not to fall”, despite all the trials sent from above. And he had a lot of them.
November 11, 1821 - birth. Where was Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky born? He was born in our glorious capital - Moscow. Father - head doctor Mikhail Andreevich, a believing, pious family. Named after my grandfather.
The boy began to study at a young age under the guidance of his parents, by the age of 10 he knew the history of Russia quite well, his mother taught him to read. Religious education was also given attention: daily prayer before going to bed was a family tradition.
In 1837, the mother of Fyodor Mikhailovich Maria died, in 1839 - father Mikhail.
1838 - Dostoevsky enters the Main Engineering School of St. Petersburg.
1841 - becomes an officer.
1843 - enlisted in the engineering corps. The study did not please, there was a strong craving for literature, the writer made his first creative experiments even then.
1847 - visiting Fridays Petrashevsky.
April 23, 1849 - Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was arrested and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress.
From January 1850 to February 1854 - Omsk fortress, hard labor. This period had a strong influence on the work, the attitude of the writer.
1854-1859 - period military service, the city of Semipalatinsk.
1857 - wedding with Maria Dmitrievna Isaeva.
June 7, 1862 - the first trip abroad, where Dostoevsky stays until October. For a long time I was fond of gambling.
1863 - falling in love, relationship with A. Suslova.
1864 - the writer's wife Maria, older brother Mikhail die.
1867 - marries stenographer A. Snitkina.
Until 1871, they traveled a lot outside of Russia.
1877 - spends a lot of time with Nekrasov, then delivers a speech at his funeral.
1881 - Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich dies, he was 59 years old.
Biography in detail
The childhood of the writer Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky can be called prosperous: born in noble family in 1821, he received an excellent home education, upbringing. Parents managed to instill a love for languages (Latin, French, German), history. After reaching the age of 16, Fedor was sent to private boarding. Then the training continued at the military engineering school of St. Petersburg. Dostoevsky showed interest in literature even then, visited literary salons with his brother, tried to write himself.
As evidenced by the biography of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, 1839 takes the life of his father. Internal protest is looking for a way out, Dostoevsky begins to get acquainted with the socialists, visits Petrashevsky's circle. The novel "Poor People" was written under the influence of the ideas of that period. This work allowed the writer to finally finish the hated engineering service and take up literature. From an unknown student, Dostoevsky became a successful writer until censorship intervened.
In 1849, the ideas of the Petrashevites were recognized as harmful, the members of the circle were arrested and sent to hard labor. It is noteworthy that the sentence was originally death, but the last 10 minutes changed it. The Petrashevites, who were already on the scaffold, were pardoned, limiting the punishment to four years of hard labor. Mikhail Petrashevsky was sentenced to life imprisonment. Dostoevsky was sent to Omsk.
The biography of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky tells that serving the term was difficult for the writer. He compares that time to being buried alive. Heavy monotonous work like burning bricks, disgusting conditions, cold undermined the health of Fyodor Mikhailovich, but also gave him food for thought, new ideas, topics for creativity.
After serving his term, Dostoevsky serves in Semipalatinsk, where the only consolation was the first love - Maria Dmitrievna Isaeva. These relationships were tender, somewhat reminiscent of the relationship of a mother with her son. The only thing that stopped the writer from proposing to a woman was the fact that she had a husband. A little later he died. In 1857, Dostoevsky finally achieves Maria Isaeva, they get married. After the marriage, the relationship changed somewhat, the writer himself speaks of them as "unfortunate".
1859 - return to St. Petersburg. Dostoevsky writes again, opens the Vremya magazine with his brother. Brother Mikhail does business ineptly, gets into debt, dies. Fyodor Mikhailovich has to deal with debts. He has to write quickly in order to be able to pay all the accumulated debts. But even in such a hurry were created the most complex works Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky.
In 1860, Dostoevsky fell in love with the young Apollinaria Suslova, who did not at all resemble his wife Maria. The relationship was also different - passionate, bright, lasted three years. Then Fedor Mikhailovich is fond of playing roulette, he loses a lot. This period of life is reflected in the novel "The Gambler".
1864 claimed the lives of his brother and wife. Something seems to have broken in the writer Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Relations with Suslova come to naught, the writer feels lost, alone in the world. He tries to escape from himself abroad, to get distracted, but the longing does not leave. Epileptic seizures become more frequent. This is how Anna Snitkina, a young stenographer, came to know and love Dostoevsky. The man shared with the girl the story of his life, he needed to speak out. Gradually, they became closer, although the age difference was 24 years. Anna accepted Dostoevsky's offer to marry him sincerely, because Fyodor Mikhailovich evoked the brightest, enthusiastic feelings in her. The marriage was perceived negatively by the society, Dostoyevsky's adopted son Pavel. The newlyweds leave for Germany.
Relations with Snitkina had a beneficial effect on the writer: he got rid of his addiction to roulette, became calmer. Sophia is born in 1868, but dies three months later. After a difficult period of common experiences, Anna and Fedor Mikhailovich continue their attempts to conceive a child. They succeed: Lyubov (1869), Fedor (1871) and Alexei (1875) are born. Alexei inherited the illness from his father and died at the age of three. The wife became for Fedor Mikhailovich support and support, a spiritual outlet. In addition, it helped improve financial position. The family moves to Staraya Russa to escape the stressful life in St. Petersburg. Thanks to Anna, a wise girl beyond her years, Fyodor Mikhailovich becomes happy, at least for a while. Here they spend their time happily and serenely, until Dostoevsky's health forces them to return to the capital.
In 1881 the writer dies.
A stick or a carrot: how Fedor Mikhailovich raised children
The indisputable authority of his father was the basis of Dostoevsky's upbringing, which passed into his own family. Decency, responsibility - the writer managed to invest these qualities in his children. Even if they did not grow up to be the same geniuses as their father, some craving for literature existed in each of them.
The writer considered major mistakes upbringing:
- ignoring inner world child;
- intrusive attention;
- bias.
He called the suppression of individuality, cruelty, and the relief of life a crime against a child. Dostoevsky considered the main instrument of education not corporal punishment, but parental love. He himself incredibly loved his children, greatly experienced their illnesses and losses.
An important place in the life of a child, as Fyodor Mikhailovich believed, should be given to spiritual light, religion. The writer rightly believed that a child always takes an example from the family where he was born. Dostoevsky's educational measures were based on intuition.
Literary evenings were good tradition in the family of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. These evening readings of masterpieces of literature were traditional in the childhood of the author himself. Often the children of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky fell asleep, did not understand anything they read, but he continued to cultivate literary taste. Often the writer read with such feeling that in the process he began to cry. He liked to hear what impression this or that novel made on children.
Another educational element is a visit to the theater. Opera was preferred.
Lyubov Dostoevskaya
Attempts to become a writer were unsuccessful with Lyubov Fedorovna. Maybe the reason was that her work was always inevitably compared with the brilliant novels of her father, maybe she did not write about that. Eventually main work her life was a description of her father's biography.
The girl who lost him at the age of 11 was very afraid that in the next world the sins of Fyodor Mikhailovich would not be forgiven. She believed that life continues after death, but here, on earth, one must seek happiness. For Dostoevsky's daughter, it consisted primarily in a clear conscience.
Lyubov Fedorovna lived to the age of 56, spent the last few years in sunny Italy. She must have been happier there than at home.
Fedor Dostoevsky
Fedor Fedorovich became a horse breeder. The boy began to show interest in horses in childhood. Tried to create literary works, but it didn't work out. He was vain, sought to achieve success in life, these qualities were inherited from his grandfather. Fedor Fedorovich, if he was not sure that he could be the first in something, preferred not to do it, his pride was so pronounced. He was nervous and withdrawn, wasteful, prone to excitement, like a father.
Fedor lost his father at the age of 9, but he managed to invest in him best qualities. The upbringing of his father greatly helped him in life, he received a good education. He was very successful in his business, perhaps because he loved what he did.
Creative path in dates
Start creative way Dostoevsky was bright, he wrote in many genres.
Genres early period creativity of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky:
- humorous story;
- physiological essay;
- tragicomic story;
- Christmas story;
- story;
- novel.
In 1840-1841 - the creation of historical dramas "Mary Stuart", "Boris Godunov".
1844 - Balzac's translation of "Eugenie Grande" is published.
1845 - finished the story "Poor people", met Belinsky, Nekrasov.
1846 - the "Petersburg Collection" was published, "Poor People" were printed.
In February, "Double" was published, in October - "Mr. Prokharchin".
In 1847, Dostoevsky wrote The Mistress, published in the St. Petersburg Vedomosti.
In December 1848, "White Nights" were written, in 1849 - "Netochka Nezvanova".
1854-1859 - service in Semipalatinsk, " Uncle's dream"," The village of Stepanchikovo and its inhabitants.
In 1860, a fragment of Notes of the Dead House was printed in Russkiy Mir. The first collected works were published.
1861 - the beginning of the publication of the magazine "Time", the printing of part of the novel "Humiliated and Insulted", "Notes from the Dead House".
In 1863, "Winter Notes on Summer Impressions" was created.
May of the same year - the Vremya magazine was closed.
1864 - the beginning of the publication of the magazine "Epoch". "Notes from the Underground".
1865 - "An Extraordinary Event, or a Passage within a Passage" is published in "The Crocodile".
1866 - written by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment", "Player". Departure abroad with family. "Moron".
In 1870, Dostoevsky wrote the story "The Eternal Husband".
1871-1872 - "Demons".
1875 - printing of "Teenager" in "Notes of the Fatherland".
1876 - the resumption of the activities of the Writer's Diary.
The Brothers Karamazov were written from 1879 to 1880.
Places in Petersburg
The city keeps the spirit of the writer, many books by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky were written here.
- Dostoevsky studied at the Engineering Mikhailovsky Castle.
- The Serapinskaya hotel on Moskovsky Prospekt became the residence of the writer in 1837, he lived here, seeing St. Petersburg for the first time in his life.
- "Poor people" were written in the house of the post director Pryanichnikov.
- "Mr. Prokharchin" was created in Kohenderfer's house on Kazanskaya street.
- In the profitable house of Soloshich on Vasilyevsky Island Fyodor Mikhailovich lived in the 1840s.
- Profitable house Kotomina introduced Dostoevsky to Petrashevsky.
- The writer lived on Voznesensky Prospekt during his arrest, wrote "White Nights", "Honest Thief" and other stories.
- "Notes from dead house”, “Humiliated and Insulted” were written on 3rd Krasnoarmeiskaya Street.
- The writer lived in the house of A. Astafieva in 1861-1863.
- In Strubinsky's house on Grechesky Prospekt - from 1875 to 1878.
Symbolism of Dostoevsky
You can analyze the books of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky endlessly, finding new and new symbols. Dostoevsky mastered the art of penetrating into the essence of things, their soul. It is thanks to the ability to unravel these symbols one by one that the journey through the pages of novels becomes so exciting.
- Axe.
This symbol carries a deadly meaning, being a kind of emblem of Dostoevsky's work. The ax symbolizes murder, crime, decisive desperate move, crucial moment. If a person pronounces the word "ax", most likely, the first thing that comes to his mind is "Crime and Punishment" by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky.
- Clean linen.
His appearance in the novels occurs at certain similar moments, which allows us to speak of symbolism. For example, Raskolnikov was prevented from committing a murder by a maid hanging out clean linen. A similar situation was with Ivan Karamazov. It is not so much the linen itself that is symbolic, but its color - white, denoting purity, correctness, purity.
- Smells.
It is enough to skim through any of Dostoevsky's novels to understand how important smells are to him. One of them, which is more common than others, is the smell of a putrid spirit.
- Silver pledge.
One of the most important characters. The silver cigarette case was not made of silver at all. There is a motive of falsity, forgery, suspicion. Raskolnikov, having made a cigarette box out of wood, similar to silver, as if he had already committed a deceit, a crime.
- The ringing of a copper bell.
The symbol plays a warning role. A small detail makes the reader feel the mood of the hero, imagine the events brighter. Small objects are endowed with strange, unusual features, emphasizing the exclusivity of the circumstances.
- Wood and iron.
In the novels there are many things from these materials, each of them carries certain meaning. If a tree symbolizes a person, a victim, bodily torment, then iron is a crime, murder, evil.
Finally, I would like to note some interesting facts from the life of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky.
- Dostoevsky wrote most of all in the last 10 years of his life.
- Dostoevsky loved sex, used the services of prostitutes, even when he was married.
- Nietzsche called Dostoevsky the best psychologist.
- He smoked a lot and liked strong tea.
- He was jealous of his women for every pillar, forbade even smiling in public.
- Mostly worked at night.
- The hero of the novel "The Idiot" is a self-portrait of the writer.
- There are many film adaptations of Dostoevsky's works, as well as those dedicated to him.
- The first child appeared with Fedor Mikhailovich at the age of 46.
- Leonardo DiCaprio also celebrates his birthday on November 11th.
- More than 30,000 people attended the writer's funeral.
- Sigmund Freud considered Dostoyevsky's The Brothers Karamazov the greatest novel ever written.
We also present to your attention famous quotes Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky:
- One must love life more than the meaning of life.
- Freedom is not in not holding back, but in being in control of yourself.
- In everything there is a line beyond which it is dangerous to cross; for once crossed, it is impossible to turn back.
- Happiness is not in happiness, but only in achieving it.
- No one makes the first move because everyone thinks it's not mutual.
- The Russian people, as it were, enjoy their suffering.
- Life goes breathless without an aim.
- To stop reading books means to stop thinking.
- There is no happiness in comfort, happiness is bought by suffering.
- In true loving heart either jealousy kills love, or love kills jealousy.
Conclusion
The result of a person's life is his deeds. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (years of life - 1821-1881) left behind brilliant novels, having lived a relatively short life. Who knows if these novels would have been born if the life of the author were easy, without obstacles and hardships? Dostoevsky, who is known and loved, is impossible without suffering, mental turmoil, inner overcoming. They are what make the work so real.
On July 6, St. Petersburg celebrates the fourth Dostoevsky Day. We also make our contribution to the popularization of the work of the great writer and remember 7 unknown facts about Fyodor Mikhailovich.
What to read in a Siberian prison, why strong tea is necessary for creativity, and how to write a novel in 21 days? For the anniversary of Dostoevsky, Cyrillic tells about seven interesting (and not always well-known) facts from the life of the great writer.
Gospel of Dostoevsky
When the writer was exiled to the Omsk fortress through Tobolsk, the wife of the Decembrist Fonvizin gave him the Gospel. In the first two years that Dostoevsky spent in Omsk, he was not given any books or the opportunity to write, and the prisoner read the Gospel all this time. The writer did not even have a pencil and he made notes in the margins with his fingernail - almost 1700 in total. He did not part with this Tobolsk book until the end of his life.
hard labor
Dostoevsky often compared his literary work with hard labor: “... if there is a person in hard labor, then it's me. I was in hard labor in Siberia for 4 years, but there work and life were more tolerable than my current one ... ". However, Dostoevsky consciously preferred the unsettled life of the writer to the career of an official: “I resigned because I resigned ... best time for nothing ... I will work like hell ... ".
Romance in 21 days
The novel "The Gambler" is largely based on personal experience writer - not long before in Europe, Dostoevsky had accumulated a lot of debt while playing roulette and had to write a work in record time to pay off his creditors. The novel was completed in 21 days in October 1866 thanks to the work with the stenographer Anna Snitkina - future wife Dostoevsky.
Winter notes about summer experiences
This was the title of Dostoevsky's publicistic essay, first published in the journal Vremya in the spring of 1863. In this "feuilleton for the whole summer" Dostoevsky spoke with irony about the impressions of his first trip to Europe, and about the attitude of Russians towards Europe. For example, he remarked: “Which of us Russians (that is, those who read at least magazines) does not know Europe twice as well as Russia? I put twice here out of courtesy, and probably ten times.
“Will the light fail, or should I not drink tea”?
Dostoevsky could not work without strong tea. When Dostoevsky wrote his novels at night, there was always a glass of tea on his desk, and the samovar was always kept hot in the dining room.
The most intentional city in the world
This is how Dostoevsky perceived Petersburg - a city that was constantly present in his work. And at the same time he loved him very much: “There is an inexplicably touching thing in our Petersburg nature, when, with the onset of spring, it suddenly expresses all its power, all the forces bestowed on it by spring, becomes pubescent, discharged, full of flowers ...”.
Dedication and Holiness
Dostoevsky dedicated his last (and perhaps most famous) novel The Brothers Karamazov to his wife, Anna Snitkina. And the image of the elder Zosima in the novel was created by the writer under the influence of the biography of the schemamonk Zosima (Verkhovsky), the founder of the Trinity-Odigitrievsky hermitage.
The facts of Dostoevsky's biography added vitality to the writer, while helping his works to become classics of world literature. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, in spite of any difficulties, never left literature. He lived by her. And he was able to become a brilliant writer of his time, who is still honored and remembered.
1. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was not the only child in the family. He had a writer brother who created his own magazine.
2. The first works of Dostoevsky were published in his brother's magazine.
3. The last 10 years of Dostoevsky's life were the most fruitful.
4. The peak of this writer's fame came only after his death.
5. The writer's mother died of tuberculosis when he was 16 years old.
6. The father of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was killed by serfs.
7. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was a sexually obsessed man.
8. The writer regularly visited prostitutes, which prevented him from creating a normal family.
9. For the first time, the writer married only at the age of 36, the marriage lasted only 7 years.
10. The second wife of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was the stenographer Anna, who was 25 years younger than him.
11. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky wrote the work “The Gambler” in just 26 days.
12. Dostoevsky was quite a gambling personality. He could lose his last pants at roulette.
13. Nietzsche considered Dostoevsky the most the best psychologist, and therefore he always said that he had something to learn.
14. Dostoevsky's first novel was Poor People.
15. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky lived in Europe for 4 years, thus hiding from creditors.
16. While working near Dostoevsky, there was always a glass of strong tea nearby.
17. Dostoevsky's books have been translated into many languages.
18. Immediately after the wedding with Anna Snitkina, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky instructed her to manage all his financial affairs.
19. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was a jealous man. Every little thing could serve as a reason for his jealousy.
20. For his second wife Anna, the writer developed a number of rules that she had to adhere to. Here are a few of them: do not paint your lips, do not draw arrows, do not smile at men.
21. On the side of his father, the writer was noble family, but he himself did not know anything about the pedigree before his death.
22. The favorite writer of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was Pushkin.
23. From the first marriage, Dostoevsky had no children, and from the second - 4 children.
24. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky spent 4 years of his life in hard labor.
25. Most often, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky wrote works at night.
26. In Dostoevsky's kitchen, the samovar was always hot.
27. Dostoevsky liked the works of Balzac, and therefore he tried to translate the novel "Eugene Grande" into Russian.
28. Until the end of her life, Dostoevsky's second wife remained faithful to him.
29. Dostoevsky was born into a family with 8 children.
30. The image of the hero of the novel "The Idiot" Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky wrote from himself.
31. Dostoevsky was the second child in the family.
32. All my life great writer suffered from epilepsy, and therefore call him in full a healthy person it is forbidden.
33. The death of his brother was a blow to Dostoevsky.
34. Dostoevsky was deeply a religious person, and therefore he and his wife got married in the church.
35. Throw gambling Dostoevsky was helped by his second wife.
36. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was buried in St. Petersburg.
37. Many films have been made about this writer.
38. The first works of Dostoevsky, namely plays for theaters, were lost.
39. In 1862, Dostoevsky traveled abroad for the first time.
40. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky traveled in his life to Italy, Austria, England, Switzerland, Germany and France.
41. When a street beauty refused Dostoevsky, he simply fainted.
42. Violence and pain during sexual relations with Dostoevsky was taken for granted by his second wife.
43. Dostoevsky had to graduate from the Engineering Academy.
44. According to the acquired profession, he did not work long.
45. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky had a tense relationship with Turgenev.
46. For the first time, Dostoevsky became a dad in a very adulthood. At the time of the appearance of the first child, he was already 46 years old.
47. Dostoevsky's daughter Sonya died a few months after birth.
48. Often Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky accused his own beloved women of infidelity.
49. Dostoevsky considered himself ugly.
50. Each prostitute who once rendered services to Dostoevsky, the next time refused to communicate with him.
51. Dostoevsky became the first man of Apollinaria Suslova.
52. Dostoevsky's passion did not fade away even at the age of 60.
53. The court sentenced Dostoevsky to death.
54. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky fell seriously in love for the first time in Semipalatinsk.
55. The wedding with Dostoevsky's second wife took place in the Izmailovsky Trinity Cathedral in St. Petersburg.
56. The second daughter of Dostoevsky with the name Lyuba appeared in Dresden.
57.B last way The writer was seen off by about 30,000 people.
58. After the death of Dostoevsky, his wife served his name and did not marry again.
59. Dostoevsky was especially keenly impressed by beautiful female legs.
60. The sexuality of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was of a sadomasochistic nature.
