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Beijing's siheyuan houses are considered a classic. In other parts of China, depending on climatic conditions, available building materials, and local traditions, there were their own types of houses, as a rule, variations of siheyuan.
Classical structure of a Chinese siheyuan house with three courtyards
The outer walls of traditional Chinese houses either have small windows or no windows at all. When you walk, for example, in the hutongs of Beijing, you often see only walls with elegant gates to the courtyard. Imagination draws a cozy Chinese house with a garden. The reality is sometimes much more prosaic.
A beautiful courtyard is not always hidden behind elegant gates.
In the old days, as a rule, the entire siheyuan house was occupied by one large family, consisting of several generations. It symbolized her wealth and prosperity. In simpler families, each building in siheyuan consisted of one room. In a wealthy family, each building could have several rooms. This was also reflected in the language: the word 房子 fan tzu means both house and room.
If the size of the plot allowed, then over time, the internal structure of the siheyuan house could become much more complicated. However, the courtyard system with four main buildings remains unchanged.
The entrance to a Chinese siheyuan house is usually located on the southeast side of the building, which is considered an auspicious sign. It's called 大门 damen — large, or main gate. Their other name is 宅门 zhaimen(gate to the residence). In the palaces of princes, they consisted of five openings, from which three central openings opened. Often, in front of the main gate, figures of lions or their likeness were installed, performing the functions of guards. Special pedestals were placed near rich houses to make it convenient to sit in the saddle. In addition, good wishes were written above the doors: the hieroglyphs “longevity”, “happiness”, “fulfillment of desires”, etc.
The entrance to this siheyuan, where at least four families live, is decorated with inscriptions with good wishes for happiness and fulfillment of desires.
The main gate leads to a small square courtyard, which in turn leads to a narrow outer courtyard 外院 waiyuan. In the center of the northern wall are elegantly decorated second gate 二门 ermen, passing through which you can get into courtyard 内院 neiyuan.
The outer courtyard of one of the houses in
In small estates, the outer courtyard could be absent, the main gate immediately led through a small courtyard to the inner courtyard.
In addition, the estate could have other outbuildings, which were called 群房 qunfang. They were usually built on the western or eastern side of the siheyuan. Kitchens were located there and servants lived.
Scheme of a classic house-siheyuan
However, if we take a closer look, we can see that the structure of the Chinese siheyuan house performed important protective functions. The life of the family proceeded inside a closed space, hidden from prying eyes. The northern and western walls, as a rule, were deaf and higher, protecting the house from cold winds and dust storms, especially frequent in the north of the country. Curved top cornices diverted rainwater from the foundation (although it was believed that they, in the first place, do not allow evil spirits to enter the house, throwing them away, as if on a springboard). Thick tiled roofs kept warm in winter and cool in summer.
A blank wall perfectly protects the courtyard and premises from bad weather. Fuchengmen District, Beijing
In different provinces of China, siheyuan houses had their own characteristics. So, for example, in the northwestern provinces, such as Gansu or Qinghai, the walls were built much higher than, for example, in Beijing, and the houses were more elongated along the north-south line in order to protect living quarters from cold winds and dust storms coming from the deserts of the northwest. In Sichuan province and to the south, on the contrary, houses are more elongated from east to west, so that the bright sun does not warm the yard so much. In the northeast of China, where there is a lot of land and a rather cold climate, the courtyards are large to get more sunlight.
Traditional chinese siheyuan house today
After the formation of the People's Republic of China, many old houses of siheyuan turned into so-called 大杂院 dazayuan, (lit. "yard with great crowding", slum siheyuan) in which several families live, one in each house-room. It turns out a kind of commune. Yards are densely built up to increase living space. A serious problem with the old siheyuan is that, as a rule, they lack modern amenities, including toilets. However, residents are in no hurry to leave their cramped homes. What's the matter?
The old quarter near the Bell Tower with traditional buildings
Many siheyuan houses are located in the central historical districts of the city. This makes it easy to open your own business and earn very good money. People do not want to leave the bread place. Many of these estates are converted into hotels and restaurants, or simply rent out rooms.
Loft in siheyuan next to the Forbidden City.
So, let's start the creative process. Draw a rectangle first. Measure it with a ruler. You need to divide the house into two parts so that they are not even, and there is more space on one side than on the other. Draw a dividing line. Probably, now you are wondering what kind of division of the house it was. We just got two rooms. One of them will be the entrance hall, and the other - the living room.
You need to learn how to imagine the proportions of the house with the naked eye. When you draw, you can not go in cycles in my drawing, if you want, look for a different layout of the house.
2. Create the mainroof contours
On the left half of the building, you need to determine the top of the roof and mark it with a dot. Now we separate the walls from the roof, for this we will draw a horizontal line (it can be pulled to the end of the building). Draw a rectangle on the right, it will become the front door in the future.
Now you don’t wonder why you needed a ruler, because you realized that with its help it’s very easy to draw a house. By doing the task in stages, everything goes smoothly, and the work moves quickly.
To make our house look like a real one, then you need to draw windows, and then proceed to the foundation. The picture will be almost ready soon.
You should draw a line at the bottom of the image. It will serve as the foundation. Now you need to outline the contours of the roof. You need to do this by drawing additional lines. We need to draw two rectangles, they will be in the living room and are designed for windows.
4. Beforedraw somedetailand
We have to "cut" the roof a little. We do this on both sides. As we know, the roof should be drawn with a slight slope. Of course, the roof can be made straight, but I think if we give it a slope, it will turn out interesting and unusual. Now "cut" our roof with oblique lines. You need to do this in two designated places. Then we circle the windows using additional lines. We do the same with the door.
To make the lower part of the building beautiful, we should draw an additional plane at the bottom. Now it remains to add a chimney, because you can’t do without it. We will depict the chimney in the form of two rectangles and they must be drawn near the dividing line. Then we should make a line under the roof that will connect the roof to the wall.
5. Final stage
Following my instructions, you have drawn the house step by step, but we have not yet done the facade of the roof. We carry it out with a pencil, drawing parallel lines. We should get a view of the laid out boards. Do not forget that there are jumpers in the windows, so we draw them.
Now let's start drawing the doorway. It is made from two equal halves. Of course, you should draw a threshold below, we depict it at the entrance.
Now it's time to draw the foundation. We will have it from a brick, so we divide the general contour into even cells. I propose to decorate our roof, so it will look like a real one. So, we depict the details of the tiles. It takes a little effort to complete this task. We make a chimney out of bricks. Should be a nice house.
6. Let's do itpictureat cvetnoh
I think our drawing will not look beautiful without the landscape around the house. Therefore, we need to add some trees, pets, green grass, sky, sun, people. If you wish, you can create your own landscape.
And now be sure to start coloring our house. Do this with colored pencils. Who has the skills, let him take up the paint.
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Categories:// from 11/16/2017
A house is an architectural structure, so when drawing it in stages, you first need to build a general drawing of the house, and only then start "building" and adding other parts of the house to the picture. When drawing a house, you cannot do without a ruler, and, of course, a pencil. The house should look symmetrical, so you need to accurately measure the height, width, etc. using a ruler.
The house can be depicted in different ways, for example, make a roof of tiles, draw double doors, or add a fireplace chimney lined with bricks. Draw these "little things" according to your desire, but any house must have a foundation, walls, a roof and doors with windows. If you follow these rules, then the lesson how to draw a house it will be very easy for you.
1. General drawing of the house
To create a drawing of a house, first draw a rectangle. Measure more than half of the space inside it and draw a vertical line at this point. She will divide the house into two parts, an entrance hall and a living room. The purpose of this lesson is to learn how to see the proportions of the house, my drawing does not have to be copied, you can choose a different layout of the house for your drawing.
2. Contours of the roof and doors
Inside the left half of the house, draw, in the middle of the roof line, the point of its top. From the end of the right line, draw a horizontal line all the way to the end of the house itself, this will separate the roof from the walls. On the right side of the picture, draw a rectangle for the future door.
3. How to draw windows
You see that by drawing a house in stages, with the help of a ruler, everything turns out quickly and evenly. And as soon as you draw the windows and the foundation, the picture of the house will be almost ready. At the bottom of the picture, draw a line for the foundation, it must be in any house. Circle the contours of the roof with additional parallel lines. In the living room, draw two rectangles for the windows.
4. Adding More Details to the Drawing of the House
Now you need to slightly "cut" the roof on both sides, making a slight slope for it. The roofs of houses are rarely straight, builders are always trying to give it an interesting, unusual shape. "Cut" the roof with oblique lines in two places. Circle the windows and the door with additional lines along the contour. At the bottom of the house, add another plane for its bottom. Near the dividing vertical line, draw a rectangle with a small other rectangle on top, this shape will serve as a chimney. Draw a line connecting the roof to the wall on the left side under the roof.
5. How to draw a house. The final stage
Make parallel lines on the front of the roof with a pencil to create the effect of laid out boards. Draw jumpers in the windows. Draw a doorway from two halves. At the bottom of the entrance, draw a threshold. "Make" the foundation of brick, dividing the general contour into cells. The roof also needs to be decorated. It is best to draw the details of the tiles for this. It takes a little effort, but house drawing will be more beautiful. The chimney will also be made of brick.
Video of drawing a country house in 3D perspective.
6. Color picture of the house
When drawing a house, one cannot do without the surrounding landscape, consisting of trees, grass, blue sky, bright yellow of the sun, domestic animals, people, etc. Be sure to color the picture of the house at your discretion with colored pencils or paints.
Drawing a house, a castle is a good lesson for learning to draw. With an ordinary simple pencil, you will gradually learn how to draw the proportions of the building, create a perspective for the landscape surrounding the house, learn how to add volume to the walls with the help of shadows and lines.
The tree quite often becomes the object of children's drawings. After all, what is the drawing of a house without trees. But a tree is not as easy to draw as it seems, so it is better for novice artists to draw a tree in stages and at first with a simple pencil.
It is beautiful when trees grow near the house, flower beds are broken. When drawing a house, be sure to draw flowers nearby.
First of all, a few tips on drawing technique. Some people have a habit of drawing broken lines, and sometimes tracing them. Try to learn how to draw lines in one motion, don't be afraid to make a mistake.
A beloved cat at home on the couch, a cat in boots from a favorite fairy tale or a beloved cat often become characters in children's drawings. In addition, such pictures can be a good decoration for a child's room. But in order to draw a cat correctly, let's learn a little.
St. Bernard is a bad guard at home, but a reliable friend. He will not diligently bark at a stranger who has come into the house, but he will save a person covered with a snow avalanche. In this lesson, we will learn how to draw a St. Bernard dog step by step with a pencil.
Classic Japanese house is a symbol of oriental culture and spirit. When depicting this architectural structure, it is necessary to take into account its features so that the drawing turns out well. The imaging process itself house and can be divided into several stages.
Instruction
Prepare sample images. In addition to standard photos house ov, find some drawings of samurai. After all, Japanese house symbolizes a strict and strong defender of his country. If you look, you will find some similarities in the equipment of the samurai and the decoration of the building. Immersed in the idea house a-defender, you can more clearly convey the atmosphere of the building.
Start with common lines. Already at this stage, you lay in the drawing what it will be at the end. Determine the number of floors, area house a. The Japanese building is unique in that it has no restrictions either in the height of one floor, or in diameter, or in anything else. Simply put, you are free to decide the issue of dimensions.
Draw the details of the structure. Depending on your choice, this may be small. house ik from bamboo or stone castle. It's worth pointing out these little things. Light small buildings are best not to circle. Leave some transparency in the walls. Stone giants, on the contrary, should "crush" with their massiveness and impregnability of their walls.
Pay attention to the roof. It symbolizes the head and helmet of a samurai. Try to point it up so that it seems to be looking at the sky, waiting for the sun to come.
Decorate house. You won't find Japanese house without hieroglyphs, dragon protectors, symbols of the sun, or other important elements of Japanese architecture. Fill your drawing with the same - for more realism and believability.
