"Mazepa's Chambers. Mazepa's Chambers Mazepa's Chambers

At the end of the 17th century, Hetman Ivan Stepanovich Mazepa populated the empty lands, which later became part of the Rylsky, Lgovsky and Putivlsky districts, with Ukrainian migrants from the right bank of Ukraine, founding a number of large villages: Amon, Krupets, Korenevo, Snagost, Studyanka, etc. In 1703 Peter I approved all these lands and villages for Mazepa. The center of these Kursk possessions, Mazepa made the village of Ivanovskoye, named (like other nearby villages - Stepanovka and Mazepovka) by first name, patronymic and last name. By letter of Tsars Peter and Fyodor Alekseevich dated September 12, 1693, the Moscow architect Osip Dmitrievich Startsev was transferred to Mazepa’s disposal.

Mazepa's chambers, identical in the principles of interpretation of the wall plane and individual elements of decoration to the Kyiv Military St. Nicholas Cathedral, were built by Startsev in 1704.

Mazepa's chambers are the last of the buildings that have survived from the once rich hetman's estate in the village of Ivanovskoye. Hetman Mazepa's estate was built a hundred years earlier than the Maryino palace and park ensemble. But historically they are closely related to each other and are of great value as rare and interesting monuments of Russian architecture of the 18th and 19th centuries.

Mazepa's chambers in Ivanovskoye were a large structure for their time. The original drawings according to which his estate was built under Mazepa have not reached us. Many years of searching for them and further study of extensive archival documents led to the discovery of previously unknown data about the layout and development of the estate in the village of Ivanovskoye.

A detailed “Plan of the manor’s house, located in the Lgov district in the village of Ivanovskoye,” taken on June 25, 1790, has been preserved. It is drawn on thin linen tracing paper measuring 67 x 91 cm in black ink with watercolor shading. The first number indicates “stone chambers without a lid of an ancient arrangement, 22 1/2 long, 7 1/2 wide, 4 fathoms high, there are 6 chambers, 2 storerooms, and a cellar at the bottom. These chambers burned down in 1770 and now stand without a lid, The ceiling and floors are missing and they are incapable of repair.” In addition to this building, the plan shows, as number two, “a stone storage room 12 meters long, 6 wide, 4 fathoms high to the roof, it has 6 chambers, and there is an exit with cellars at the bottom.” Its location, size and number of rooms fully correspond to the full-scale dimensions of Mazepa’s chambers. It can be assumed that after the fire of 1770, the owners of the estate settled in a neighboring stone building with 6 large “chambers”, which became known to this day as Mazepa’s chambers in memory of their first owner.

The 1790 plan is supplemented by a certificate about the village of Ivanovskoye in the manuscript of the Kursk surveyor I. Bashilov, dating back to 1785:

"... Of all the villages, the most famous is the first village of Ivanovskoye, in which there are two churches, one stone and the other wooden, a manor house ... with stone and wooden services ... with a horse farm. This village is located on a high road from the city of Kursk and Lgov to Rylsk, out of the blue. That village consists of 360 peasant households and 1561 souls, it belongs to Her Grace nee Princess von Goldsteinbek Princess Baryatinskaya."

Of great interest is the "Plan of the Kursk province of the Lgov district of the master's estate near the village of Ivanovskoye, surveyed in 1878." It is made on thick white paper with the inscription in the lower right corner: “The draftsman Ivan Plokhinsky took from life in 1878.” There is a sticker on the plan: “Maryinsky Archive of Their Lordships the Princes of Baryatinsky.”

The spacious manor's courtyard was lined with trees, decorated with flower beds and surrounded by a stone wall. Behind the courtyard there was a small park, and to the left of it an orchard with three specially dug ponds connected by channels with bridges, islands and gazebos. There were “planted fish” in the ponds. In the farm yard there was a stone bathhouse, a glacier, a poultry house, greenhouses, a stable, a well, etc.

In the plan of 1878, to the left of the master's yard, the telegraph yard is indicated and the inscription is made: “The telegraph was opened in the village of Ivanovskoye in 1873.” To the right of the manor's courtyard there was a "school yard with a stone two-class school."

In front of the estate there was a square to which three rural streets converged, which have retained their main directions even now, and in the middle of the square stood an obelisk above the throne of the old church and a beautiful stone five-altar Intercession Church, in which the family crypt of the Baryatinsky princes was located. The church was demolished in 1936 on the orders of the “all-Union elder” M. Kalinin, who was vacationing in “Maryino”. There were also stone shops and forges in the square.

In the plan, in place of the burnt manor’s chambers, a “stone stable with a carriage house” is indicated (its ruins have survived to this day), and the manor’s house is indicated along the red line of Bolshaya Street under the first number and in the description is called “a stone house in which the apartment of the Chief Manager is located , Main Directorate and Specific Office". Even at the end of the 1950s, this building retained the typical architectural features of the mid-19th century, when the influence of the art of late Russian classicism was strongly felt, it was organically included in the ensemble of the Ivanovo estate, and it had to be preserved as a monument of the era. The building died as a monument due to the extremely unsuccessful addition of the second floor and the facade changed beyond recognition. And why was this historically interesting building destroyed? There was a workshop for making rag slippers!

But let's return to Mazepa's chambers themselves. First of all, it is quite clear that they were built as living quarters and not as a storeroom, as they are called in the 1790 plan. During the 86 years that elapsed between the construction of the chambers and the drawing up of the above plan, many changes may have occurred in the use of the building. It is also possible that the planner made a mistake in determining the initial purpose of the chambers. There is strong evidence for this.

Firstly, the layout of Mazepa’s chambers fully corresponds to the traditional layout of a residential building of the 18th century. The canopy divides the house into two parts. In each half, all the rooms (or chambers) are connected to each other, although there is not yet a clearly identified suite of rooms characteristic of manor houses of subsequent times.

Secondly, the dimensions of the rooms in plan, their height and the presence of three to four windows in each clearly indicate that they were not intended for storage, but for housing. In addition, the storage rooms were not called chambers.

Thirdly, Mazepa’s chambers had expressive decorative treatment of the facades, giving them a unique sculptural character. On the lime-whitewashed walls, architectural details create a rich play of chiaroscuro. One might think that when the chambers were surrounded by the greenery of the park, in bright sunlight, the impression of the building’s sculptural quality was even more significant.

There is no doubt that the chambers had a beautiful front porch with a wide stone staircase. Such porches were not installed in front of storerooms. On the back side of the building there is a small extension, square in plan, which, judging by its direct connection with the living room and entryway, was used for the household needs of the residents, and not as a prison cell, as previously assumed by local historians.

The architecture of Mazepa’s chambers uses the motif of paired columns protruding three-quarters of their diameter from the plane of the walls. Their placement on the facades corresponds to the location of the internal main walls. At the corners of the building, the columns form peculiar beams, greatly increasing the plasticity of the structure.

The platbands framing the windows of all facades are of great importance for the expressiveness of the facades, which indicates that the architect counted on viewing the building from all sides, on their certain equivalence. And this also speaks about the residential purpose of the chambers. The shapes of the platbands differ only in very minor details. The pediment of the casing has a strong relief; there are no shelves under the pediment, as well as columns. Instead, a half-roller was made from one brick, hewn from the edge. Below the window sill, the brickwork forms a relief protrusion of a figured nature. This form of platbands to some extent anticipates the platbands used in Russian architecture in the 1740s. The cornice of the house has a small relief and is not original.

Some decorative elements of Mazepa's chambers have been lost: a significant part of the patterned forged bars are missing from the windows, there are no shutters with hinges and bolts made by blacksmith, some windows are blocked with bricks. The base begins to collapse and the patterned brickwork of the walls is chipped.

Without any doubt, the roof used to rise much steeper, which is why, with the presence of gables, the whole building seemed more majestic. The current roof shape dates back to the 1880s, when the end gables, which were in danger of collapsing, were removed. This probably gave rise to the legend that the chambers were two-story.

In an old magazine there is an original drawing “Hetman Mazepa’s House in the village of Ivanovsky”, which gives an idea of ​​what this monument of civil architecture was like more than a hundred years ago. A small note to the drawing says that “the upper floor of the house was removed because it threatened to fall. The remaining parts remained intact.” However, in archival text documents and drawings no information about the second floor of Mazepa’s chambers is found. And the powerful cross vaults covering the chambers completely exclude this possibility.

All of the above allows us to firmly assert that Mazepa’s chambers were one of the residential buildings of the hetman’s estate in the village of Ivanovskoye. They serve as an example of a civil building from the early 18th century, helping to understand the development of architectural and artistic traditions developed by the Russian and Ukrainian peoples in housing construction.

Along with Mazepa’s chambers, another building, built in the 18th century, has been preserved, which should rightfully be considered a monument of civil architecture. In the mentioned plan of 1790 it is listed as “a stone kitchen, built in 1768, 9 fathoms long, 4 fathoms wide, it has 3 chambers...”, and in the plan of 1878 already as a “stone coachman’s room”. This building is now used as the People's Museum of the village of Ivanovskoye.

During its existence, Mazepa's chambers changed owners many times until they fell into disrepair. In 1949, Kursk architect A.Yu. Ekhauekim created a project for the restoration of Mazepa’s chambers. After examinations, measurements and photographic recordings of Mazepa’s chambers in 1961, the Moscow commission for the restoration of historical and architectural monuments recommended restoration work, after which an estimate was drawn up and funds were allocated for their restoration. For unknown reasons, the work was not completed. A similar story happened with the M.P. project. Tsapenko from 1968. The last owner of the building, a private entrepreneur, who took upon himself the responsibility for repairs, but soon abandoned the house, did not finish the historical object either.

Currently, what remains of Mazepa’s chambers are walls with a dilapidated roof, in which the shades of their former beauty are hardly visible. The building requires serious investment. The regional administration repeatedly raised the issue of the need to restore the oldest house in the region, but all conversations inevitably ran into a lack of funding and ultimately died out.

Meanwhile, according to many historians, the chambers are the oldest manor residential building not only in the region, but also on the scale of the whole country. In those days, stone mansions were considered an unheard of luxury. Only representatives of the Romanov dynasty, the merchants Stroganovs and Menshikovs could boast of such things.

Information taken from: http://rylsk.ru.

The current name of the house in Kolpachny Lane, 10/7, building 2 - “Mazepa’s Chambers” - does not correspond to the truth. For a long time, historians believed that it was here that Hetman of Ukraine Ivan Mazepa stayed during his visits to the Mother See of Moscow.

Meanwhile, the building was erected in the period from the 16th to the 17th centuries, and today it is included in the list of the oldest capital monuments of ancient architecture.

Photo 1. Mazepa’s chambers in Kolpachny Lane, 10 in Moscow

In plan, Mazepa's house-chambers are presented in an L-shape. One of the volumes faces directly onto the red line of Kolpachny Lane, and the other is extended towards the courtyard area.

The lower level, as was customary during the construction of the chambers, was intended to house economic services. The upper one, which could only be accessed through a separate entrance, on the contrary, served as housing, where the front and bedroom rooms were located.

From the side of the courtyard area, the façade part of the second level was decorated with hewn brick elements: paired columns, frames framing the window openings, inter-level rods and various cornices. This is what allows us to classify the building as an example of the Moscow Baroque movement.

It is worth noting that the original heating system has still been preserved in the building, with its inherent niches for stoves, in-wall chimneys, as well as “vents” through which warm air was supplied to adjacent rooms.

The building of the chambers is L-shaped, part of which is located along Kolpachny Lane, with a wing extending into the courtyard. The lower floor is intended for utility rooms.

On the top floor there were state rooms with large entryways, a separate entrance and a staircase. From the courtyard side, the second floor is decorated with hewn brick decor - double columns, platbands, cornices and interfloor rods. It represents a unique architectural monument in the Moscow Baroque style.

The building has an old heating system with openings for stoves, chimneys inside the walls, and “ventilators” for supplying warm air. At one time, the chambers belonged to the brother of Tsarina Evdokia Fedorovna - Abram Fedorovich Lopukhin; in Soviet times, this house on Kolpachny Lane had communal apartments until the mid-sixties, and in the seventies the OVIR was located.

In the spring of 2003, the building underwent interior renovations. By special order, window frames were made according to the 17th century model. The renovated premises currently houses the Russia Inland office.

"Chambers of Hetman Mazepa".
Moscow.

"Mazepa's Chambers"(Kolpachny Lane, 10), residential chambers of the 16th-17th centuries, for a long time mistakenly considered the home of Hetman Ivan Mazepa, one of the oldest monuments of Moscow civil architecture. They have an L-shaped plan with a body along Kolpachny Lane and a wing extending deep into the courtyard. The lower floor, built in the mid-1670s. and intended for utility rooms, included a white stone chamber of the 16th century, covered with a box vault. The upper floor was built at the end of the 17th century; Its building on Kolpachny Lane was occupied by state rooms and large entryways; in the courtyard wing, which had a separate entrance and an internal staircase, there were small living quarters. The second floor on the courtyard side is richly decorated with hewn brick decor characteristic of the Moscow Baroque - double columns, platbands, cornices and interfloor rods, decorated with a curb. Parts of the ancient heating system have been preserved in the building: stove openings, chimneys inside the walls, “vents” for supplying warm air.

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The time of Ivan Mazepa