Plan:
- Introduction
- 1 Plot
- 2
History of creation
- 2.1 Literary sources
- 2.2 Prototypes of the main characters
- 3 Interesting Facts
- 4 Characters
- 4.1 Main characters
- 4.1.1 Real historical figures
- 4.1.2 fictional characters
- 4.1 Main characters
- 5 Screen adaptations Notes
Introduction
"Three Musketeers"(fr. Les trois mousquetaires) is a novel by Alexandre Dumas père, written in 1844. The book is dedicated to the adventures of a young man named d'Artagnan, who left home to become a musketeer, and his three musketeer friends Athos, Porthos and Aramis.
The story of d'Artagnan continues in two other novels of the trilogy: Twenty Years Later and Vicomte de Bragelonne, or Ten Years Later.
1. Plot
The story told by Dumas is dedicated to the adventures of d'Artagnan and his friends between 1625 and 1628.
The young poor Gascon nobleman d'Artagnan left home and went to Paris, hoping for a place in the regiment of musketeers. On the way, in Mengue, he got into a fight with Count Rochefort, an entourage of Cardinal Richelieu, and he stole his letter of recommendation. According to the existing rules, the captain of the royal musketeers de Treville could not give d'Artagnan a place in his regiment before he showed his valor or did not serve in another form of troops for two years, and sent him to Desessard's guard regiment.
By an absurd accident, on the same day, d'Artagnan immediately offended three experienced musketeers - Athos, Porthos and Aramis - and received challenges to a duel from all three. But the duel was interrupted by the appearance of the cardinal's guards, who wanted to arrest the four for violating the decree banning duels. D'Artagnan and the Three Musketeers defeated a superior enemy and became friends. Cardinal Richelieu complained about the antics of the Musketeers to the king, who scolded de Treville, but was secretly proud that such people served him.
D'Artagnan hired a servant named Planchet and stayed with the grocer Bonacieux and his wife Constance, with whom he soon fell in love. Constance served in the palace in the service of Queen Anne of Austria. The queen gave the English minister, Lord Buckingham, who was hopelessly in love with her, a dozen of her diamond pendants, two of which were stolen by my lady. The cardinal decided to compromise the queen: he persuaded the king to arrange a ball and invite Anna to appear on it in pendants. At Constance's request, d'Artagnan and the Three Musketeers went to London to save the Queen's honor. On the way, three musketeers were put out of action by traps set up by the cardinal, and d'Artagnan, having fought on the way to England with the envoy of the cardinal, the Comte de Ward, reached Buckingham and received pendants from him. The queen appeared at the ball in pendants, the cardinal is put to shame.
Once, noticing an unrestrained conversation between a pretty girl and an Englishman, D "Artagnan challenges the latter to a duel. The Musketeers defeated the British in a duel, Lord Winter, to whom d'Artagnan spared his life, introduced him to a girl who turned out to be the wife of the late elder brother of the Lord - Lady Clarick D'Artagnan was inflamed with passion for her, but from her maid he learned that Milady loves Comte de Warde. By replacing the letters, d'Artagnan causes Milady's hatred of de Warde who allegedly rejected her. She decides to end de Warde with the hands of d'Artagnan and spends night with him. Shocked, d "Artagnan notices a brand on her shoulder and recalls the story of Athos's wife.
The king began the siege of the rebellious fortress of La Rochelle, a stronghold of the Huguenots. The Three Musketeers and d'Artagnan, who has now also become a Musketeer, show miracles of prowess and heroism in war. The cardinal, on the other hand, planned the murder of Buckingham and for this purpose sent his agent, milady, to London. In this fatal woman, Athos recognized his ex-wife, the Countess de La Fere, now a famous seductress and poisoner. The Musketeers warned Lord Winter of the danger, so Milady was arrested as soon as she set foot on English soil. But then Milady managed to deceive Captain Felton, a pupil and subordinate of Lord Winter, so that he released her and stabbed Buckingham.
Milady returned to France and hid in a Carmelite convent. As it turned out, the beloved of d'Artagnan, Constance, was hiding in the same monastery. Milady gained her confidence and tried to kidnap her. When the four Musketeers approached the monastery, Milady had to poison her, cherishing even greater revenge in her soul. The girl died in the arms of d'Artagnan. The Musketeers decided to put an end to the villainess. They tracked her down, captured her, and sentenced her to death on their own. The Lille executioner, whose brother's life was also ruined by Milady, carried out the sentence.
The Musketeers expected severe punishment for their deeds. But Richelieu, secretly afraid of his companion, appreciated the potential of d'Artagnan and, as a sign of reconciliation, presented him with a patent for the rank of lieutenant of the musketeers. Immediately after the end of the campaign, Porthos married a wealthy widow, and Aramis became an abbot. Athos served under d'Artagnan for another ten years and retired, having received an inheritance.
2. History of creation
The Three Musketeers was originally published chapter by chapter in a magazine Le Siècle from March to July 1844. This is a traditional novel with a sequel, a feuilleton novel: the chapter ended at the most interesting place so that the reader was looking forward to continuing.
Since Dumas was paid line by line in the newspaper, he invented Grimaud - the servant of Athos, who spoke exclusively in monosyllables. Thus, a line with one word "yes" or "no" was paid in the same way as a line full of thoughts. By the time Twenty Years Later was written, the publishers decided to still pay Dumas by the word, and Grimaud immediately became a little more talkative.
Initially, the name of d'Artagnan was in the manuscript - Nathaniel. The publishers did not like it and it was deleted.
Dumas, who constantly used the work of literary blacks, worked on The Three Musketeers together with Auguste Maquet (1813-1886). The same author helped him in the creation of The Count of Monte Cristo, The Black Tulip, The Queen's Necklace. Macke later sued and demanded recognition of the 18 novels he co-authored with Dumas as his own works. But the court recognized that his work was nothing more than preparatory.
2.1. Literary sources
NBRB coin
In the preface to the book, Dumas wrote that the basis of the novel was some memoirs found in the French National Library. Later it turned out that this source of inspiration was "Memoirs of Monsieur d'Artagnan, lieutenant commander of the first company of the royal musketeers" ( Mémoires de Monsieur d'Artagnan, capitaine lieutenant de la première compagnie des Mousquetaires du Roi). True, the book was not written by d'Artagnan at all, but was composed by a writer named Gascien de Courtil de Sandra ( Courtilz de Sandraz), who published it in Cologne (1700) 27 years after the death of the Musketeer. Dumas took this book from the Marseille municipal library ... and forgot to return it, as evidenced by numerous letters of complaint addressed to the library and left unanswered.
Pendant history: The Memoirs of La Rochefoucauld (1662, complete edition 1817) mention how Countess Lucy Carlisle (daughter of Earl Henry of Northumberland) cut off the Duke of Buckingham's diamond pendants at a ball. Also used was Roederer's The Political and Gallant Intrigues of the French Court. Abduction of Constance taken from the Memoirs of Monsieur de La Porte, valet of Anne of Austria.
The Memories, which Dumas says in the preface, as if he had simply published them as a book, are, he says, written by the Comte de la Fère. That is, speaking the language of literary critics, it is Athos who is the narrator in The Three Musketeers.
2.2. Prototypes of the main characters
The image of d'Artagnan was created by Dumas on the basis of a real person:
- Charles de Batz-Castelmore, Comte d'Artagnan(fr. Charles de Batz de Castelmore, comte d "Artagnan, 1613-1673) - Gascon and musketeer, who also died during the siege of Maastricht, like the book hero. But he did not live in the era of Richelieu, but under Mazarin (in 1626 he was not 18 years old, but only 13), he was not a marshal and bore the title of count, while the character was less noble, although he became a marshal. The real d'Artagnan became a musketeer in 1644, was a confidant of Mazarin during the Fronde, participated in the arrest of Fouquet, died at the Battle of Maastricht in 1673.
Aramis (illustration)
Nicknames-aliases of the three musketeers were formed by Dumas from the names of real-life personalities:
- Armand de Silleg d'Athose d'Otvielle(fr. Armand de Sillègue d "Athos d" Autevielle, 1615-1643) - died of a wound received in a duel, even before the Comte d'Artagnan was enrolled in the musketeers.
- Isaac de Porto(fr. Isaac de Portau, 1617-1712)- became a musketeer in 1643
- Henri d'Aramitz(fr. Henri d "Aramitz, 1615-?)- a nobleman, a secular abbot in the seneschalstvo of Oloron, enlisted in 1640 in a musketeer company commanded by his uncle. At the end of his life, he retired to his domain with his wife and four children.
- Milady - the countess is considered her prototype Lucy Carlyle, Buckingham's abandoned mistress, who out of jealousy became Richelieu's agent.
- Rochefort - used the image of a man who appeared in the "Memoirs of d'Artagnan" under the name Rhone, or Rosne, (Rosnai), as well as the book " Memoires de MLCDR» ( Monsieur le comte de Rochefort), memoirs of Henri Louis de Alloyny, marquis de Rochefort(a mistake in the name: his name was Charles-Cesar (Charles-Cesar de Rochefort de Saint-Pointe, 1615-1687), and he became a count only after the death of his father in 1663), also probably fake, written by de Curtil, who specialized in such literature at the end of the 17th century.
3. Interesting facts
Duke of Richelieu at the siege of La Rochelle
- The narrative of the novel begins in April 1625, the siege of La Rochelle took place in 1627. During this period, the real d'Artagnan was less than 12 years old, and Porthos - 10. To introduce these events into the narrative, Dumas "aged" his characters.
4. Characters
4.1. Main characters
Portrait of the Duke of Buckingham (Rubens)
- D'Artagnan(Mr. D'Artagnan-son)
- Athos(Comte de La Fere)
- Porthos(Baron du Vallon)
- Aramis(Chevalier d'Herble)
4.1.1. Real historical figures
- Cardinal Richelieu
- King Louis the Just
- Queen Anne of Austria
- Duke of Buckingham
- De Treville
- la port
- Duchess de Chevreuse
- John Felton
- King Charles I
4.1.2. fictional characters
- Milady. She's Anna de Bailey, she's Lady Clarick, she's Baroness Sheffield, she's Charlotte Baxon, she's Countess de La Fere, she's Countess Winter. The cardinal's spy.
- Count Rochefort. Dedicated adviser to the cardinal. (Note see below)
- Constance Bonacieux. Wife of a haberdasher Bonacieux and mistress of d'Artagnan. Milady was poisoned in a Carmelite monastery.
- Planchet. Servant of d'Artagnan.
- Grimaud. Servant of Athos.
- Bazin. Servant of Aramis.
- Blunderbuss. Footman of Porthos.
- katty. A girl seduced by d "Artagnan. Milady's maid.
5. Screen adaptations
Many films have been made based on the book. Movie connoisseurs [ Who?] highlight several adaptations of The Three Musketeers:
- Franco-Italian directed by Bernard Borderie (1961)
- a series of Anglo-American films directed by Richard Lester (1973-1974), starring Michael York as d'Artagnan.
- Soviet musical television series (1979) with Mikhail Boyarsky.
You discover that its main protagonists are the Three Musketeers, of course, but not only. It is impossible to miss Cardinal Richelieu and not consider Lady Winter as the heroine. Many films have been made based on this novel. Here's a poster for the last one. On it, the main characters are three musketeers (the photo shows them with their constant opponents).
Three Friends in the Service of the King
Athos, Aramis and Porthos appear far from the first pages of the novel. They are introduced to us by D'Artagnan, who has arrived in Paris to seek service from M. de Treville. They immediately show their main features: Athos - nobility, Aramis - cunning and a penchant for intrigues, Porthos - simplicity and vanity. These are the main characters - the three musketeers and their characters, which will remain unchanged on the pages of the novel.
Young DʹArtagnan
The hot temper of the young man every time makes him take his sword out of its scabbard. On the very first pages, he wants to engage in battle with an aristocrat unknown to him: he did not like the main character's old horse.
Once in Paris, D'Artagnan clumsily pushed Athos and received an invitation to a duel. Immediately he makes a new mistake: he shows everyone an elegant handkerchief with initials, which belongs to Aramis. A duel with the ignoramus is inevitable. On the stairs, he got tangled in the cloak of Mr. Porthos, and everyone saw that the shiny baldric, which all the musketeers admired, was actually made from inside of rough skin. Porthos cannot stand such an insult and challenges the provincial to a duel. This is how D'Artagnan and the main characters, the Three Musketeers, met. The duel actually did not have time to start and turned into a fight with D'Artagnan showed considerable dexterity and helped every musketeer, which earned them their trust and friendship.
D'Artagnan and his three friends
Now the young man spent all his time with his new friends, whom he did not have time to admire.
D'Artagnan, thanks to Madame Bonacieux, gets the opportunity to render a service to the queen. Clever, fearless and cunning, he managed to get to England when his friends were forced to stay in France. D'Artagnan returned to the Louvre at the last moment, and the queen was saved. After this case, he got himself a mortal enemy - Lady Winter. She will mercilessly take revenge on him, but will not be able to achieve her goal: to destroy DʹArtagnan. Our hero, together with his friends, will safely pass all its traps and remain alive. As the action develops in the novel, his luck, nobility and luck become aggravated. He is slightly mercenary, a little boastful and even sly. But these earthy features give him a lot of charm.
Athos - the ideal nobleman
Athos, Porthos and Aramis are the main characters, the three musketeers. In their world, in the first place is honor, which they never compromise. Athos is the personification of nobility and decency.
He is laconic, scrupulous, full of self-esteem and fatal secrets that the curious D'Artagnan wants to know. There is a romantic story behind it. Once he was married to a beautiful commoner. But she turned out to be a thief, branded by the executioner. Having managed to survive after the earl destroyed her, she married Lord Winter. He died shortly after his marriage to her. Rich, beautiful, quirky and unusually dexterous, she pursues D'Artagnan. The main characters, the three musketeers, just constantly interfere with her, and she wants, with the help of her patron, Cardinal Richelieu, to destroy all four friends at the same time. Athos, the most tragic of all the characters, who drowns his grief in a goblet of wine, solves the mystery of milady. Thanks to his firmness, she will be judged and executed. So the main characters, the three musketeers and their friend, will cope with the evil and duplicity that milady embodied.
Porthos and Aramis
Like Athos, they hide their high origins and romantic stories behind false names. Aramis (Chevalier dʹHerble), a noble nobleman, is weary of service and dreams of becoming an abbot. Melancholic and sad, meek and courageous, he is femininely beautiful. Aramis is not devoid of heartfelt affection. When he does not receive news for a long time from his girlfriend, Madame de Chevreuse, exiled to distant Tours, he increasingly turns to theology. Porthos (Mr. du Vallon) is a heroic man, boastful, kind and the most narrow-minded of friends. All the main characters of Dumas' Three Musketeers are people of honor, nobility and decency.
Another world
The Three Musketeers confront a world where any atrocity or infamy can be forgiven if done for the good of France. The main characters of Dumas' Three Musketeers are the sinister Cardinal Richelieu, who sets traps for everyone, and his henchwoman Milady, who eagerly performs the most difficult tasks of her patron, arouses a feeling of apprehension in the powerful cardinal.
The cardinal knows how, and in this he differs from milady, to assess the frankness and honor of the musketeers. He regrets that they serve the king and not him. He has both a deep mind and fortitude. They serve the public interest.
After the end of all the adventures, Porthos marries the rich widow Koknar, Aramis becomes the abbot. DʹArtagnan and Athos remain in the service. Then the count, having received an inheritance, retires.
The novel "The Three Musketeers" has two sequels. First, we see the heroes in 20 years, then in 10. And these are completely different stories.
- We will search among the characters of the fandom
Character groups
Total characters - 86
Anne d "Autriche; Anne of Austria
2 4 1
Wife of Louis XIII, Queen of Spain. In The Three Musketeers, he has an affair with Buckingham, but does not betray his husband. He is also one of the central persons in "Twenty Years Later".
Aramis, chevalier d "Herblay
9 2 0
Chevalier d'Herble (name - Rene), Bishop of Vannes (since "Ten years later"), Duke d'Alameda (after the events described in "Ten years later" - a name taken upon returning home from Spain). Friend of Athos, Porthos and d "Artagnan. Musketeer, clergyman.
Secretive and cunning even with friends, although quite sensitive. Skillfully fencing. Secretly in love with the queen's best friend, Marie de Chevreuse, whom she calls "cousin seamstress" to friends, but also maintains a long-term relationship with her cousin Camille de Bois-Tracy.
In Twenty Years Later, Aramis takes the side of the Fronde.
In Ten Years Later, Aramis already wields considerable power. He is a member of the Jesuit order, he weaves a network of intrigues, putting forward Fouquet before the king. He bought the commandant of the Bastille Besmo - in order to kidnap a prisoner named Marchiali from prison, imprisoned there under Mazarin, in fact - the king's carefully hidden twin brother.
Despite disagreements and reconciliations between four friends throughout the actions of the trilogy, only with Aramis d "Artagnan could not reconcile in the end (his last words:" Athos, Porthos, see you soon! Aramis, goodbye forever!")
Olivier, comte de La Fere
24 6 0
The name is probably Olivier. Comte de la Fere. The oldest among the Musketeers, he plays the role of a mentor-father for them. A noble and stately, but also a very secretive person, drowning his sorrows in wine. His mysterious past links him to Milady (Lady Winter): he married her without knowing she was branded, and when the truth was revealed, he hanged her, but she somehow survived. Father of Raoul, Vicomte de Bragelon.
0 0 0
Servant of Aramis. Pious. He is very upset that Aramis leads a secular life, and believes that Aramis is capable of becoming a cardinal. In "Twenty Years Later" he serves as a clerk at the Cathedral of Our Lady, but often makes mysterious visits to Noisy - it turns out that he is still connected with Aramis. In Ten Years Later, Bazin is already "almost" an abbot, and he is terribly proud of Aramis' spiritual advancement.
François de Montlezun, marquise de Baisemeaux
0 0 0
Gascon nobleman, brigadier general and captain of the guards of Cardinal Mazarin, then commandant of the Bastille castle. Appears in "Twenty Years Later". In "Ten Years Later" he is bought by Aramis, who contacted him out of a desire to free the mysterious prisoner of the Bastille - the king's twin brother.
Bernajoux
0 0 0
Guardsman of Cardinal Richelieu. One of the most talented swordsmiths among the cardinal's guards. The victory over him in the "Three Musketeers" brought fame to d'Artagnan.
0 0 0
Cardinal Richelieu's Guard
Brisemont
0 0 0
The character of the book "Three Musketeers". A man hired by Milady who is trying to kill d'Artagnan. When he spares his life, he is filled with the kindest feelings for d'Artagnan, but by an accident he drinks the poisoned wine sent by Milady for him and dies in the belief that d'Artagnan deceived him.
Boisrenard
0 0 0
A character from The Three Musketeers. The head of the police. Came to arrest haberdasher Bonacieux. D "Artagnan comes up with a trick: he pretends to be completely ready to help him in his business, and invites him to drink with him for the health of the king and cardinal.
0 0 0
The priest where the Musketeers dined in the chapter "Court Intrigue" of the first novel.
Henriette Marie
0 0 0
Wife of Charles I Stewart, King of England, Ireland and Scotland.
Henrietta Anna Stuart
0 0 0
Princess, youngest daughter of Charles I Stuart and Henrietta Maria of France. At the age of two, she was taken out of England and ended up at the court of her cousin Louis XIV. In "Twenty Years Later" asks Athos and Aramis to accompany Charles I to France. In Ten Years Later, she appears as a flirtatious girl, inflaming the flame of love in the hearts of the Duke of Buckingham and the Comte de Guiche accompanying her. The attention of King Louis XIV, which has shifted from Henrietta to her maid of honor Louise de La Vallière, turns out to be a big scandal.
George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham
0 1 0
George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham. The character of the book "Three Musketeers". The most powerful man in England after the king. Considered the most attractive man in all of Europe. He feuds with Cardinal Richelieu because of the struggle for the love of Anna of Austria and is in love with her to the point of insanity. A key figure in the history of the queen's pendants. Murdered by puritan fanatic John Felton at the instigation of Milady.
L "Homme au Masque de Fer, Duke of Beaufort, Marchi
0 0 0
Character from Ten Years Later. The Iron Mask, Marchiali is a mysterious, carefully guarded prisoner of the Bastille, imprisoned there under Mazarin. It turns out to be the twin brother of King Louis XIV. Aramis' conspiracy succeeds in replacing the captive with a real king.
François VI, duc de La Rochefoucauld
0 0 0
Duc de Luynes
0 0 0
Charles d'Albert. First husband of the Duchess de Chevreuse. Favorite of Louis XIII, murderer of Concini. The king was very jealous of his wife.
Madame de Chevreuse
0 1 0
In The Three Musketeers, she is an exile in Tours for being suspected of conspiring against the king. Lover of Aramis. "Marie Michon". After an accidental relationship with Athos, she gave birth to a son, whom she sent to her father as a baby - Raul de Brazhelon. In "Twenty Years Later," Athos introduces her to Raoul so that she can help Raoul get a letter of recommendation for the army.
Guemene
0 0 0
Anne de Rogan, Princess de Gueminay, daughter-in-law of the Duchess de Chevreuse
de Guitaut
0 0 0
Queen's court lady. Relative of Guiteau - Commander of the Queen's Guard
de Montbazon
0 0 0
Queen's court lady.
de Sable
0 0 0
Madeleine de Souvre, Marquise de Sable. Queen's court lady. The mistress of the literary salon, writer.
Madame Coquenard
0 0 0
The stingy prosecutor's wife, courted by Porthos in The Three Musketeers. Sends him equipment for the siege of La Rochelle.
"The Man from Meung", Count de Rochefort
5 2 0
He is in the service of the cardinal and is the main enemy of d'Artagnan in The Three Musketeers.
In Twenty Years Later, Rochefort is imprisoned in the Bastille for refusing to serve Mazarin. D "Artagnan was instructed to bring the prisoner to the Louvre. For a trip in a carriage, Rochefort manages to promise to help advance the career of d" Artagnan, and although after the audience he is returned to the Bastille again, he fulfills his promise.
Planchet helps Rochefort escape.
Madame de Lannoy
0 0 0
One of Cardinal Richelieu's spies. Follows the queen and reports to the cardinal on her every move. It was through her that the cardinal learned about the pendants given by Anna of Austria to Buckingham.
0 1 0
Servant of Athos. Extremely secretive and silent.
d'Artagnan
4 1 0
Charles d'Artagnan. The protagonist of the novel.
Came from Gascony to Paris in the hope of gaining fame and making a career among the royal musketeers. Cunning, daring and enterprising, but slightly boastful, somewhat mercenary and even selfish. Immediately plunges into a whirlwind of intrigue, skirmishes, duels, romances and adventures, getting out of which thanks to ingenuity, luck, nobility and true friends. It is under the auspices of King Louis XIII and Queen Anne of Austria. Won the respect of Cardinal Richelieu.
In "Twenty years later", during the Fronde, he takes the side of Mazarin along with Porthos. Then he tries to detain the Duke de Beaufort, helps Cromwell in England, captures Mazarin along with Athos, Porthos and Aramis and demands that he be appointed lieutenant commander of the musketeers. But after the end of the Fronde, the position is removed from him.
In Ten Years Later, he teams up with Athos to return the crown to King Charles II. Becomes Lieutenant Commander of the King's Musketeers. It is d'Artagnan who is entrusted with the arrest of Fouquet. In the same year, d'Artagnan dies under the walls of Maastricht, clutching his marshal's baton for just a second.
Francois de Baradas
0 0 0
The favorite of Louis XIII, Francois de Barada, who lost his favor in just six months
0 0 0
Character from Ten Years Later. Viscount. A scandalous young man, frivolously speaking about Princess Henrietta, about d "Artagnan, which becomes a reason for a quarrel with Raoul de Bragelon. Raul himself and his father de Ward are also extremely unflattering opinions. Buckingham intervenes in the quarrel, which ends in a duel, in during which both are badly wounded.Then de Wardes fights in a duel with the Comte de Guiche.
0 1 0
The man of the cardinal, with whom d'Artagnan seizes on the port in the English Channel on the way to London in the Three Musketeers. Later, d'Artagnan pretends to be him in front of the milady in love with that.
0 0 0
Guardsman of Cardinal Richelieu from the first part of the trilogy. In the first battle with the musketeers, de Jussac's detachment attacked the musketeers, among whom were Athos, Porthos and Aramis. The battle ended with the victory of de Jussac.
The next battle took place two days later. A detachment of guards opposed the three musketeers and d "Artagnan. Despite the numerical superiority of the guards, the musketeers won. Jussac was seriously wounded by d" Artagnan himself. Jussac, Bicard and Cayuzac, all unconscious, were carried to the church.
After that, de Jussac recovered for a long time. Participated in the siege of La Rochelle.
de la Coste
0 0 0
Lieutenant of the King's Guard
Tremouille
0 0 0
Prominent Protestant. Shortly before the fall of La Rochelle, he came to the military camp of the king, converted to Catholicism and received a military appointment.
Monsieur de Treville
0 0 0
The captain of the royal musketeers, an old friend of Father d'Artagnan. Often protects d'Artagnan and his friends, covers them from the wrath of the cardinal and the king.
Sir Anthony Jackson
0 0 0
Sir Anthony Jackson, secretary to the Duke of Buckingham
John Felton
0 0 0
The Puritan responsible for keeping Milady in custody, preventing an attempt on Buckingham's life. Deceived by her, helps her.
George Monck
0 0 0
English commander and admiral, a key figure in the Restoration of royal power in England in 1660 (in the person of Charles II).
Donna Estafania
0 0 0
The Queen's Spanish Maid
0 0 0
Appears in some interpretations of the story of the Three Musketeers
Dessessart, Monsieur des Essarts
0 0 0
The captain of the royal guard, whose company in the Three Musketeers included d'Artagnan.
Duhallier
0 0 0
Captain of the Guard from the chapter "XXII. Merleson Ballet" of the first book
Jacques Michel Bonacieux
0 0 0
Haberdasher, merchant and landlord, from whom d'Artagnan rents a room. Married to Constance, d'Artagnan's beloved in Dumas' first book. He went over to the side of the cardinal and did not disdain even squealing on his wife.
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
0 0 0
Character from Ten Years Later. The devoted secretary of Cardinal Mazarin. Appointed to the post of quartermaster of finance - the third place in the state after the king himself, superintendent and royal prosecutor Fouquet. Colbert begins his service with the death penalty for the abuse of two friends of Fouquet and with a denunciation to the king that Fouquet is spending funds from the treasury, strengthening Belle-Ile, a fortress on the coast.
de Guitaut
0 0 0
Count François de Commange, Count of Guiteau. Commander of the Queen's Guard
Jules Mazarin, Giulio Mazzarino
0 0 0
Italian. He is in power as First Minister in "Twenty Years Later" during the regency of Anne of Austria. Neither the people nor the court love him.
Greedy, not too honest. For example, he instructs d'Artagnan to deliver a prisoner from the Bastille, who turns out to be Count Rochefort. After a conversation with Rochefort, Mazarin is impressed by d'Artagnan and goes to the Queen Regent. She, who completely forgot the services of d'Artagnan, shamefully remembers him and instructs Mazarin to hand over the very diamond ring that d'Artagnan deserved. However, Mazarin is so greedy that he keeps the ring for himself, only showing it to d'Artagnan as a sign of admission to the service of the queen.
Later, d "Artagnan manages to get promotion from Mazarin, but even then, as soon as the Fronde fades away, the position is taken away.
Mazarin dies in Ten Years Later.
0 0 0
Opponent of Mazarin, one of the members of the Fronde. In the novel "Twenty Years Later" he is shown as one of the organizers of the speeches against Mazarin.
Cardinal de Richelieu
21 3 1
Armand-Jean Duplessis. Free interpretation of a historical figure. Schemer and manipulator, connoisseur of human souls. Opposes the king, tries to harm the queen, feuds with de Treville and his subordinate musketeers. Milady and a whole network of other spies work for him, he has his eyes everywhere. And yet, he obviously also respects valor and courage: he is annoyed that d'Artagnan does not serve him.
Charles I of England
0 0 0
Character from Twenty Years Later, King of England. The Musketeers try to save him from execution on behalf of his wife, Queen Henrietta, but their mission is unsuccessful.
Published a novel in Le Siekl newspaper "Three Musketeers". Since then, it has been reprinted hundreds of times, gained well-deserved fame and entered the golden fund of world literature. At the same time, the vast majority of admirers of the novel are sincerely sure that all the heroes of Dumas are completely fictional characters. This is wrong! Each of the four Musketeers actually existed.
NOBLE ATOS
A curious question: why does the plot of each of the three books about the adventures of the Musketeers revolve around Athos, and not at all d'Artagnan? The first of them is devoted to the struggle of the Musketeers with the ex-wife of Athos - Lady Winter. In the second book, Athos acts as one of the masterminds of the state conspiracy, and the third book is completely dedicated to his son, Viscount de Brazhelon...
Little is known about the real life of Armand de Silleg d'Athos d'Hautvielle. He lived a short life, leaving absolutely no memories. It is only known that Armand de Silleg really served in the royal musketeer regiment, where he ended up ... by pull! After all, his second cousin was not anyone, but de Treville himself, the commander of a company of royal musketeers.
True, in real life, de Treville's name was Jean-Armand du Peyre, Comte Treville. Only thanks to his patronage, at a fairly mature age, 26 years old, Armand was awarded the title of royal musketeer, but he did not have time to become famous in this field: three years later he was killed in a duel. Perhaps it was precisely because of the lack of any information about this man that Alexander Dumas built the plot of the trilogy around the fate of Athos he invented.
FAT PORTHOS
Delicious food, a bunch of little kids, a house full of cups... Among the musketeer friends, Porthos is probably the most ridiculous, even random figure. This man never had a desire to make a military career or become famous...
As a prototype of Portos, Alexandre Dumas described the musketeer Isaac de Porto, who lived a surprisingly long life and died only at the 96th year of his life! Even for our time, such a respectable age deserves great respect! It is difficult to say whether the real Porthos was a lover of delicious food, but the fact that Dumas joked about his gastronomic preferences was not out of nowhere.
It turns out that the musketeer's grandfather served as a dinner manager at the Navarre court, which in those years was equivalent to a kitchen officer. Father Isaac de Porto became a major notary, and then retrained as a landowner. By the way, our hero, after a short career as a musketeer, continued his father's work with pleasure, increasing the possessions he inherited by several times.
LOVING ARAMIS
Unlike his friends, the literary Aramis made a great career, becoming a general of the Jesuit order by the end of the trilogy. The prototype of Aramis turned out to be an equally significant figure in the real monastic order of the Jesuits. Today, the Abbey of Aramits, located in the Bareto Valley, bears his name. In 1581, about 40 years before the birth of our prototype, Count Gaston granted the abbey to one of his ancestors, Jean d'Aramitz.
And the most amazing thing is that the real Aramis, like the real Athos, turned out to be a direct relative of the captain of the royal musketeers de Treville - he was his cousin. Aramis died at the age of 54 from an unknown illness.
D'ARTAGNAN - A LIVING LEGEND
Best of all, historical chronicles have preserved for us the life story of the protagonist of the book, who made a fantastic military career and became a marshal of France.
The real name of d'Artagnan is Charles Ogier de Batz de Castelmore Comte d'Artagnan. The adventures of the literary and real d'Artagnans largely coincide. He was born in 1611 in the castle of his parents - Castelmore. True, he was never a real nobleman. Alexandre Dumas in his books kept silent about the fact that d'Artagnan's grandfather simply appropriated the title of nobility after a successful marriage and purchase of Castelmore Castle.
Today, anyone can freely admire the two-story stone house, which in the past was proudly called the castle. It was here that the prototype of the most famous hero Alexandre Dumas was born. Today, the ancestral castle of the d'Artagnans is located on the border of the counties of Armagnac and Fezansac on a hill between the rivers Douz and Zheliz.
CARIER START
Paris first saw d'Artagnan in the 30s of the 17th century, and Louis XIII, who was then ruling, personally wished that the cadet of the guard Charles de Batz acted under the name of his mother d'Artagnan, whose grandfather once rendered the king many important services. This strange desire was preserved in written records in the papers of the king.
In the company of the royal musketeers, which the literary prototype of d'Artagnan so dreamed of, he got in 1632, like his friends, by pull, solely thanks to the friendship of his parents with the captain of the company of the royal musketeers. What happened next was a curious thing. As is known from the first novel, d'Artagnan actively supported the queen, who built political and love intrigues against Cardinal Richelieu.
In the real biography of d'Artagnan, there is not a word about this, but it turned out that his career really took off only after Cardinal Mazarin came to power. Even after the company of the royal musketeers was temporarily disbanded in 1646, d'Artagnan continued to serve under the leadership of the cardinal. Moreover, he won a strong position at court not at all by his military exploits, but exclusively by acting as an executor of secret, sometimes very delicate orders of Cardinal Mazarin or Louis XIV.
In fact, during the reign of these people, d'Artagnan had the fullness of power that was attributed to the literary lady Winter - he could do anything on behalf of the cardinal, but not Richelieu, but Mazarin. In 1658, d'Artagnan was promoted to the rank of second lieutenant (deputy company commander) of the royal musketeers.
TAKEOFF
Soon, by the will of fate, d'Artagnan was involved in the confrontation between the Minister of Finance at the court of Louis XIV, Nicolas Fouquet, and Cardinal Mazarin. The high-ranking official was dissatisfied with the concentration of financial and personal power in the hands of the cardinal and dreamed of taking his place as the king's first adviser. But it was not there. Once, Louis XIV was “accidentally” informed that Nicolas Fouquet had organized a housewarming party in his castle, so luxurious that each of the many guests was presented with a horse. Unheard of generosity by the standards of those years!
Moreover, the careless financier placed the inscription on his coat of arms: “What heights will I not reach?”, frankly hinting that with his wealth he can easily bypass the king himself. Louis XIV could not bear the impudence and gave the order to d'Artagnan and his musketeers to arrest Fouquet. The Gascon at first did not believe the king and demanded a written order from him.
Only after receiving the required paper did he make an arrest with a group of musketeers. The operation was accompanied by a chase throughout Paris for the carriage of the finance minister who was trying to escape. Then, for five years, d'Artagnan and his musketeers performed an unusual function of jailers, guarding Fouquet in the Bastille - until the end of the trial, which sentenced the obstinate minister to life imprisonment.
Since then, d'Artagnan became a confidant of the king, arbitrarily adding the title of count to his name. In 1667, d'Artagnan received the rank of lieutenant commander - commander of the royal musketeers. Under his leadership, the company regained its former glory, eclipsing the popularity of the days of de Treville himself.
Under the command of d'Artagnan, not only the nobles of France, but also numerous aristocrats who came to the country from abroad sought to serve. During the Franco-Dutch War in 1672, d'Artagnan received the rank of field marshal of France, corresponding to major general.
DEATH OF A HERO
The great Gascon died during the siege of Maastricht in the summer of 1673. During a foolish and reckless attack on open ground, a stray bullet struck down the Marshal of France on the spot. His death struck the whole court so much that Louis XIV said: "The only person who managed to make people love himself has died, without doing anything for them that would oblige them to do so."
In a letter to the queen, he wrote: "Madame, I have lost d'Artagnan, whom I trusted in the highest degree and who was suitable for any service." D'Artagnan was buried in the Church of Saints Peter and Paul on the outskirts of the Dutch town of Maastricht. In the house where the real d'Artagnan lived most of his life (on the corner of Bac and the Quai Voltaire, near the royal bridge overlooking the Louvre), the authorities placed a memorial plaque.
By the way, unlike the character Dumas, the real d'Artagnan had a full-fledged family. His wife came from a noble family of the Baron de Saint-Croix, and the godfather of their children was the king himself.
Dmitry SIVITSKY
AROUND THE WORLD. France - the story of the real D'Artagnan
Songs from the Soviet film "D'Artagnan and the Three Musketeers"
In one of the main series of adventure literature, the main characters do not have personal names - only surnames or pseudonyms. There are probably several reasons. On the one hand, the background is historical, and it is difficult to fit fictional characters into it. On the other hand, the reader always likes the literary game.
But the lack of names led to unexpected problems. It hindered the development of the author's world outside of books. Let me explain with an example.
In your opinion, how did Constance address d'Artagnan? And his dad, at the beginning of the first novel? Our native television series answers these questions “d'Artagnan” and “my son”, but this is not a solution! They addressed themselves by the name given to the Gascon in childhood.
Dumas himself felt this problem. In none of the novels, without naming the Comte de la Fer by name, he assigns him a personal name in the play "based on".
Interestingly, in the novels themselves, only one of the four musketeers is named. In my opinion, in “20 years later”, Aramis is addressed by a beloved young lady, and she calls him, of course, not at all by the nickname “Aramis”.
The name of Porthos remains unknown. This means that the Dumaveds still have riddles to solve. I'm sure Dumas knew the name of Porthos!
Finally, everything is simple with the name d "Artagnan: it was present in the manuscript in the very first chapters of The Three Musketeers, but Dumas removed it from there at the request of the magazine publisher ("The Musketeers" appeared in parts in magazine publications)! Why did the publisher not like the name " Nathaniel? I have my own version.
The fact is that the name was exactly the same for another most popular adventure character who appeared on the pages of books 20 years earlier than d "Artagnan. This is the Pathfinder, he is St. John's Wort, he is also Leather Stocking, he is Hawkeye - Nathaniel Bumpo, a pioneer of the Cooper prairie Thus, Leatherstocking had priority in the name "Nathaniel".
In general, our musketeers, as of 20 years later, were actually called:
captain Nathaniel d "Artagnan
graph Olivie de la Fer
baron ???
du Vallon de Brassier de Pierrefonds
bishop Rene d "Erble
They may notice to me that in their 16th century personal names did not mean what they do now, and they could have a dozen of these names (anyway, there was one main one for domestic use), and in general - what's the difference, what was the name of the musketeers?
I repeat: the reader loves literary games, loves riddles. Remember this when you are going to call the hero Jack or Valera in your work.
(From the comments I found out that an explanation is needed. We are talking about names literary characters, and not about the names of real historical persons who allegedly served as prototypes for the musketeers. From my point of view, only d'Artagnan had a prototype.)
