Description of the presentation Zhilin and Kostylin - two different characters, two on slides
1. Why is the story called "Prisoner of the Caucasus"? "Prisoner of the Caucasus" Chapter I 2. Who was called the "Prisoner of the Caucasus" in the story? 3. What is the reason that made Zhilin hit the road. 4. What was the danger of the path?
"Prisoner of the Caucasus" Chapter I 5. What made Zhilin and Kostylin break away from the guards and go ahead?
"Prisoner of the Caucasus" Chapter I 6. How did the heroes agree to behave when leaving the convoy, and how did they behave when they met with the highlanders?
"Prisoner of the Caucasus" Chapter I 7. Tell us about how Zhilin and Kostylin were captured.
8. How was the fate of Zhilin, and then Kostylin in captivity, determined? "Prisoner of the Caucasus" Chapter I I 9. What makes Zhilin bargain, give the wrong address?
1. How did Zhilin and Kostylin live in captivity? What was different about their life during the month of captivity in the camp of the enemy? 2. With whose help do we get acquainted with the life of a mountain village? 3. How did the Tatars in the first days of captivity treat Zhilin and Kostylin and why? 4. Are the highlanders right when they call Zhilin "dzhigit" and Kostylin "tame"? Explain the reason for this difference. 5. Why did local residents from nearby villages begin to come to Zhilin? "Prisoner of the Caucasus" Chapter III
Comparative table Quality Zhilin Kostylin 1. The meaning of the surname Veins are blood vessels, tendons. A crutch is a stick with a crossbar placed under the arm, which serves as a support when walking for lame people or those with sore legs. Wiry - dry, muscular, with protruding veins 2. Appearance "But Zhilin, although he was not great in stature, but he was daring." “And Kostylin is a heavy, fat man, all red, and the sweat is pouring from him”
Comparative table Quality Zhilin Kostylin 3. Place of residence of the heroes Mountain Tatar aul, barn 4. What did the prisoners eat? Millet flour flatbread or raw dough and water; milk, cheese cakes, a piece of lamb Only millet flour cake or raw dough and water
Comparative table Quality Zhilin Kostylin “I wrote a letter to Zhilin, but I wrote it wrong on the letter, so that it didn’t get through. He himself thinks: “I will leave.” “Kostylin wrote home again, he kept waiting for the money to be sent and was bored. For whole days he sits in the barn and counts the days when the letter will arrive; or sleeping.” 5. What did the officers do? “And he himself is looking out for everything, trying to find out how he can escape. He walks around the aul, whistles, otherwise he sits, doing some needlework - silt and sculpts dolls from clay, or weaves wickerwork from twigs. And Zhilin was a master of all needlework.
Zhilin Kostylin We draw a conclusion We give a description of Zhilin and Kostylin. Comparative table An active person. In a difficult situation does not lose strength of mind. He makes every effort to get out of the village, to make an escape. All his actions and deeds are subordinated to one goal - liberation. Passive, lazy, inactive, bored, waiting for money to be sent; unable to adapt to the situation.
How did Zhilin live for a month? What trick did the hero come up with to climb the mountain? What prevented him from escaping that same evening? Why did Zhilin invite Kostylin to run away with him? Explain the reason for Kostylin's hesitation before escaping? "Prisoner of the Caucasus" Chapter I V
“Zhilin is preparing to escape” Drawing up a story plan based on the materials of chapters III and IV 1. Acquaintance with the life of the Tatar village. 2. Work on the tunnel. 3. Search for the road. 4. Escape route - only to the North. 5. The sudden return of the Tatars. 6. Escape.
We draw a conclusion Look how brightly, strongly the character of one person can manifest itself and the character of another person does not appear at all in the same circumstances.
We conclude One is helped out by patience, endurance, cunning, courage, the desire to be free, faith in one's rightness; the other does not show any efforts, actions to free himself from captivity at the cost of his own efforts, although he also wants to return to his homeland.
The brightest are those works in which the main characters are completely different. It is these characters that are the basis of Leo Tolstoy's story "Prisoner of the Caucasus". Characters - Zhilin and Kostylin. These men have different fates and characters. The true story tells about their life in captivity of the Tatars and an attempt to escape. But the path to freedom is thorny, and in particular because these two officers are the complete opposite of each other.
First meeting of friends
The events take place during the war for Officer Zhilin received a letter from his mother. She asks her son to return. Ivan, that's the man's name, considers the proposal and agrees. Traveling alone was dangerous, so the soldiers walked in a column. The group dragged on slowly, and the thought came to his mind that it would be better to go alone. As if having heard his thoughts, another officer, Kostylin, invites him to continue the journey together.
The first Zhilin and Kostylin is very important for the further development of events. The author does not talk about what the main character looks like, but gives a description of Kostylin. It's rough. Sweat drips from it because of the heat. After making sure that he has a loaded weapon, and taking the word to stick together, Zhilin agrees to the invitation.
Ambush and unexpected betrayal of a friend
Comrades are leaving. The whole path lies through the steppe, where the enemy is clearly visible. But further the road runs between two mountains. At this point there is a conflict of views. In the scene, Zhilin and Kostylin are compared in terms of a sense of danger.
Two excellent warriors perceive the gorge of the mountains in different ways. Zhilin sees a potential threat and is sure that the Turks can ambush behind the rock. Kostylin is ready to move forward, despite the possible risk. Leaving his friend below, Ivan climbs the mountain and sees a group of riders. Enemies notice the officer and jump towards him. Zhilin shouts to Kostylin to pull out a gun. But he, seeing the Tatars, rushes into the fortress.
A comparative description of Zhilin and Kostylin will be incomplete if this situation is not considered in more detail. The first took care of the safety of both, while the second, under difficult circumstances, thought only of his own life. Kostylin left his comrade unarmed. Ivan fought back for a long time, but the forces were unequal. He was taken prisoner. But already from the Tatars, he learns that his unfortunate friend was also ambushed.
The second and unexpected meeting of former friends
For some time the man spent in a closed barn. Then he was taken to the house of the Tatars. There he was explained that the man who had taken the soldier prisoner had sold him to another Tatar. And he, in turn, wants to receive a ransom for Ivan in the amount of 3,000 rubles. The officer, without hesitation for a long time, refused and said that he could not afford such an amount. The most he can offer is 500 gold. The last word was firm and unshakable. His friend is brought into the room.
And the appearance of Zhilin and Kostylin is very different. The second officer is fat, barefoot, exhausted, ragged, with a block on his feet. Zhilina is no better, but the thirst for struggle has not yet died out in him. The new owner sets Kostylin as an example and reports that he will be accepted for a ransom of 5,000 rubles.
The author shows how humbly he accepts an offer at such a high price. Ivan, on the other hand, achieved that the payment for his soul would be But nevertheless he understands that the mother, who lives on the money that he himself sends to her, would have to sell everything in order to free her son. Therefore, the officer writes the wrong address so that the letter does not reach. The comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin when establishing the amount of the ransom indicate that the first officer takes care of his mother, even if he is threatened with death. Kostylin is not worried about how money is being collected for his release.
Attempt to escape from the enemy
Time passes. Leo Tolstoy vividly describes the everyday life of Zhilin. A man wins the heart of the owner's daughter when he sculpts clay dolls for her. Gains respect in the village as a master, and even through cunning - as a doctor. But every night, when the shackles are removed, he digs a passage under the wall. He works during the day, thinking about which way he should run. The characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin in captivity are absolutely opposite. Zhilin does not sit still, unlike his friend. And he sleeps or gets sick all the time, waiting for the storm associated with the death of one of the Tatar warriors to pass.
One night, Zhilin decides to run away. He offers this to his comrade in the "camera". Kostylin is skeptical about this. He states that they don't know the way and will get lost at night. But the argument that because of the death of a Tatar, they, as Russians, can be avenged, finally convinces him.
Struggling with your own abilities
The prisoners are active. Trying to get out, the clumsy Kostylin raises a fuss. The dogs growled. But prudent Ivan fed the dogs for a long time. So the commotion calmed them down quickly. They get out of the village, but the fat man is out of breath and falls behind. Very quickly gives up and asks to leave it.
A comparative description of Zhilin and Kostylin is a competition of cowardice with strength. Both are tired. The night is impenetrable, they are forced to walk almost to the touch. Bad boots rub your feet until they bleed. Kostylin stops and rests over and over again. Subsequently, he is exhausted and says that he is unable to continue his journey.
Then the comrade pulls him on his back. Because of Kostylin's scream of pain, they are noticed and hunted down. Before dawn, the comrades were caught and this time thrown into the pit. And there the portrait of Zhilin and Kostylin is opposite. An officer, thirsting for freedom, is trying to dig, but there is nowhere to put the earth and stones.
Increasingly, one hears talk from enemies that the Russians need to be killed.
Final and will
The owner's daughter comes to the rescue. She lowers a pole into the pit, along which, not without the help of a friend, Zhilin climbs the mountain. Weak Kostylin remains with the Tatars. He runs away with his feet bound, but nevertheless gets to his army.
After some time, money is also paid for Kostylin. He comes back barely alive. This is where the piece ends. The author does not report what further awaits characters with the names Zhilin and Kostylin. The heroes have different fates, the first relied only on their own abilities, the second was waiting for manna from heaven. They are two poles that are guided by different principles and rules. If Zhilin is stubborn, courageous and freedom-loving, then his partner in misfortune is weak, lazy and cowardly.
A fine hearted officer
The main characters of Leo Tolstoy are Zhilin and Kostylin. This story is about two officers. The first fought bravely, the second accepted with humility everything that life had prepared for him. Zhilin has such a trait as care. He thinks about the old mother when they asked for a ransom, he worries about the fate of his friend, so he does not leave him in the village of enemies, for the girl who helped get out of the pit.
She is ordered to hide the pole she brought so that Zhilin can get up. His heart is full of kindness and love. The officer fell in love with the simple, peaceful people of the Tatars. So it makes their life easier. He is a symbol of everything bright and sincere in the work.
Kostylin - a hero or an anti-hero?
Kostylin is often considered a negative hero. He left a comrade in trouble, distinguished himself by laziness and weakness, brought danger to both. There is nothing to say about the cowardice of a man, because every now and then helplessness is manifested in his actions.
But is Kostylin really as weak in his soul as he is outside? Somewhere deep in his heart he is brave and strong. Although in part it borders on unreasonableness. It was he who suggested that his friend separate from the group and jump first. I was also ready to go between the mountains without even making sure it was safe there. No less courage was needed to decide on an escape, which he did not plan and for which he was not ready either physically or mentally.
The characterization of Zhilin and Kostylin is an analysis of two opposite types of courage. But Kostylin showed more courage when he refused to repeat the escape attempt. Moreover, as best he could, he helped a friend get out of the pit. He understood all his weakness and did not dare to set up his comrade again. It is in such actions that the secret of his essence lies.
"Prisoner of the Caucasus" - a story that is sometimes called a story. Wrote it tells us about a Russian officer who was captured by the highlanders. The story was first published in Zarya magazine in 1872. It is one of the most popular works of the great Russian writer, withstood many reprints. The title of the story is a reference to Pushkin's poem of the same name. In this article, we will produce Zhilin and Kostylin. These are the two main characters, the opposition of whose personalities forms the basis of the work. Description of Zhilin and Kostylin, see below.
The plot of the story
The narrative is based in part on a real event that took place during Tolstoy's service in the Caucasus (50s of the 19th century). He wrote in his diary in June 1853 that he almost got captured, but behaved well in this case, although and overly sensitive. Lev Nikolaevich, together with his friend, once miraculously escaped the chase. Lieutenant Tolstoy also had to rescue his comrades from captivity.
Ransom letters written by two officers
The story takes place during the period of Zhilin, an officer serving in the Navy. His mother sends her son a letter with a request to visit her, and he leaves the fortress with the convoy. On the way, he overtakes him along with Kostylin and stumbles upon horseback "Tatars" (that is, Muslim highlanders).
They shoot the horse, and the officer himself is taken prisoner (his comrade is running). Zhilin is taken to a mountain village, after which they are sold to Abdul-Murat. "How did Zhilin and Kostylin meet after that?" - you ask. It turned out that by that time Kostylin, a colleague of Zhilin, who was also caught by the Tatars, was already in captivity with Abdul-Murat. Abdul-Murat makes the Russian officers write letters home to get a ransom for them. Zhilin indicates the wrong address on the envelope, realizing that in any case, the mother will not be able to collect the necessary amount.
Zhilin and Kostylin in captivity
Kostylin and Zhilin live in a barn, they put pads on their feet during the day. Zhilin fell in love with local children, especially Dina, the 13-year-old daughter of Abdul-Murat, whom he made dolls for. During walks around the neighborhood and the village, this officer is wondering how to escape to the Russian fortress. He digs in the barn at night. Dina sometimes brings him pieces of lamb or flatbread.
Escape of two officers
When Zhilin learns that the inhabitants of this village are alarmed by the death of a fellow villager who died in battle with the Russians, he finally decides to escape. Together with Kostylin, the officer crawls into the tunnel at night. They want to get to the forest, and then to the fortress. But due to the fact that the obese Kostylin was clumsy, they do not have time to carry out their plans, the Tatars notice the young people and deliver them back. They are now put in a pit and no longer remove the blocks at night. Dina sometimes continues to bring food to the officer.
Zhilin's second escape
Realizing that their enslavers are afraid that the Russians may soon come, and therefore they can kill their captives, Zhilin, at nightfall, once asks Dina to get a long stick. With her help, he crawls out of the hole. Kostylin, sagging and ill, remains inside. He tries, including with the help of the girl, to knock the lock off the blocks, but he does not succeed. At dawn, having made his way through the forest, Zhilin goes to the Russian troops. Kostylin subsequently, with his health undermined to the extreme, is redeemed from captivity by his comrades.
Characteristics of the main characters ("Prisoner of the Caucasus", Tolstoy)
Zhilin and Kostylin are Russian officers. They both participate in the war for Zhilina, a letter arrives from her mother, in which she asks her son to visit her before her death to say goodbye. Without thinking twice, he sets out on his journey. But it was dangerous to go alone, since at any time the Tatars could seize and kill him. We went in a group, and therefore very slowly. Then Zhilin and Kostylin decide to go ahead alone. Zhilin was prudent and cautious. After making sure that Kostylin's gun was loaded, and he had a saber in the scabbard, Zhilin decided to see if the Tatars were visible, having climbed the mountain. Climbing higher, he noticed his enemies. The Tatars were very close, and therefore they saw Zhilin.
This brave officer thought that if he managed to run to the gun (which Kostylin had), then the officers would be saved. He shouted to his friend. But the cowardly Kostylin ran away, afraid for his own skin. He did something despicable. In the way Zhilin and Kostylin met, one can see the mockery of fate over the latter. After all, both were eventually captured, and here they met again. The chief Muslim highlander said that a ransom of 5,000 rubles had to be paid, and then they would be released. Kostylin immediately wrote a letter home with a request to get money. And Zhilin answered the highlanders that if they killed him, they would not receive anything at all, and ordered them to wait. He sent his letter intentionally to a different address, because the officer felt sorry for his mother, who was seriously ill, and there was no such money in the family. In addition to his mother, Zhilin had no other relatives.
The comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin can be supplemented by pointing out how these heroes spent their time in captivity. Zhilin decided that he could and should escape. He dug a tunnel at night, and during the day he made dolls for Dina, who brought food in return.
Kostylin, on the other hand, was idle all day, and slept at night. And now the time has come when the preparations for the escape were completed. The two officers fled. They greatly abraded their legs on the stones, and Zhilin had to carry the weakened Kostylin on himself. Because of this, they were captured. This time the officers were put in a hole, but Dina took out a stick and helped her friend to escape. Kostylin was afraid to flee again and stayed with the highlanders. Zhilin managed to get to his. Kostylin was redeemed only a month later.
As you can see, Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy shows in his story "Prisoner of the Caucasus" the courage and courage of Zhilin and the weakness, cowardice and laziness of his comrade. Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin are opposite, but built on contrast. To better convey his idea, the author uses a number of techniques. Read more about them.
Analysis of the title of the story "Prisoner of the Caucasus"
It is interesting to analyze the very title of the story - "Prisoner of the Caucasus". Zhilin and Kostylin are two heroes, but the name is given in the singular. Tolstoy, perhaps, wanted to show by this that only the person who does not give up in the face of the difficulties that have arisen can be a true hero, but actively acts. Passive people become a burden for others in life, not striving for anything and not developing in any way. The author shows, in this way, that not everything in our life directly depends on the circumstances, and each person is the creator of his own destiny.
Names of the main characters
Pay attention also to the names of the heroes, which were not taken by the author by chance, which should also be noted when compiling the comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin. Starting to read this work, we still do not know the characters of the main characters, but only find out their names. But immediately we get the feeling that Lev Nikolayevich sympathizes more with Zhilin than with Kostylin. The latter, as we think, has a "limping" character, and Zhilin is a strong, "wiry" man, with a strong character. Kostylin, on the other hand, needs the help of outsiders, he is indecisive, dependent. Subsequent events confirm our guesses. The meaning of these rhyming surnames is completely different. So, Zhilin is described as a man of small stature, agile and strong. On the contrary, Kostylin is overweight, heavy on his feet, passive. Throughout the whole work, he only does what prevents a friend from carrying out his plan.
Conclusion
Thus, these two characters are opposite, as evidenced by the description of Zhilin and Kostylin by the author. The main difference between these two officers is that one is a hard-working, active person who believes that one can find a way out of any situation, and the second is a coward, a lazybones, a goof. Zhilin managed to take root in a hostile environment, which helped this officer to get out of captivity. Such a case would unsettle another person, but this officer is not like that. He did not go home after the end of the story, but remained to serve in the Caucasus. And Kostylin, barely alive, was released from captivity for a ransom. Tolstoy did not say what happened to him next. Probably, he did not even consider it necessary to mention the further fate of such a worthless person in his work "Prisoner of the Caucasus". Zhilin and Kostylin are different people, and therefore their fates are different, despite the same life circumstances. It was this idea that Leo Tolstoy wanted to convey to us.
Samuil Marshak noted that the work "Prisoner of the Caucasus" (Tolstoy) is the crown of all books for reading and said that in all world literature it is impossible to find a more perfect example of a story, a small story for children's reading. The description of Zhilin and Kostylin, their characters helps the education of the younger generation, the development of the personality, because it shows how one should behave in difficult situations. The fate of Zhilin and Kostylin is very instructive.
In the work "Prisoner of the Caucasus" L. N. Tolstoy reflected the events of the Caucasian War. Against the backdrop of these events, the author depicted two Russian officers who were accidentally captured by the Tatars.
Tolstoy gave his characters "talking" surnames. Zhilin - from the word "lived". We can say about him that he is a strong and hardy person. Kostylin - from the word "crutch", which means he is weak. The author himself writes about them: "Kostylin is a heavy, fat man ... Zhilin is at least small in stature, but he was daring."
From the first chapter, we see which characters are different. Kostylin had a loaded gun, and he got scared when he saw the Tatars. He did not think that Zhilin was in danger. When the officers were taken prisoner, they were forced to write letters home asking for a ransom.
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Kostylin wrote because he only hoped for a ransom. Zhilin also wrote, but indicated the wrong address on the envelope, because he values \u200b\u200bhis mother and relies only on himself. Zhilin immediately decided to escape from captivity, so he walked around the village and studied the area. He did not sit idle, but constantly made something. He also treated the people of the village. The Tatars respected him for this. Kostylin slept all the time or sat in the barn and counted the days. He didn't want to do anything to save himself. In captivity, Zhilin meets a Tatar girl, Dina. He made clay dolls for her, and Dina brought him cakes and milk.
During the escape, Kostylin lags behind, groans, falls with fear. And Zhilin thinks not only about himself, but also about his friend. When Kostylin could not walk, Zhilin dragged him along. Zhilin does not want to give up when they are captured again. He hoped only for himself and for Dina, who helped him get out of the pit. Kostylin refuses to run with him a second time.
Tolstoy showed a real Russian officer who never gives up and is ready to fight enemies. His hero is smart, resourceful, ready to help. I would like to be like Zhilin. And Kostylin is a weak and selfish person who can betray the Motherland. An officer must be courageous and love his homeland.
Updated: 2017-05-22
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I read a very interesting story by L. Tolstoy "Prisoner of the Caucasus". It tells about the war between the Russians and the highlanders.
The main characters of the work are Zhilin and Kostylin. They were Russian soldiers who were captured by the Tatars. During the attack of the invaders, Zhilin shouted to Kostylin to get a gun, but Kostylin rode away on a horse from his comrade. This characterizes Kostylin as a cowardly person capable of betrayal. When the soldiers were captured, Zhilin kept in touch with the Tatar girl Dina, who felt sorry for him. The hero was kind to her and gave homemade clay toys.
Zhilin tried to get to know the area better in order to escape. Kostylin was not active in captivity: he only lay and ate. He did not even try to escape from the Tatars, did not help Zhilin develop an escape plan. Kostylin thought that they would soon be redeemed from captivity.
During the first escape, the captives failed to escape, because Kostylin's cry betrayed them. Because of this, Zhilin did not want to take Kostylin with him, but he considered it cruel in relation to a person who, like him, was in trouble. I believe that Zhilin did the right thing by taking Kostylin with him. In this episode, the author seems to want to say: "Betrayal is to leave a comrade in trouble." During the second escape, Zhilin escaped alone, but Dina helped him.
The character of Kostylin was much different from the character of Zhilin. Zhilin was quick-witted, smart, much stronger in character than Kostylin. The name itself speaks for itself. Kostylin was afraid of the Tatars and wrote a letter home to be ransomed for a very large sum. He did not rely on himself at all, was lazy and did not even try to save his life. Zhilin did not despair and tried to find a way out of a difficult situation. Kostylin did nothing and waited to be redeemed.
The difference in the characters of the heroes influenced their fate in such a way that Zhilin was at large much earlier than Kostylin. It follows from this that Kostylin was the opposite of Zhilin, which is what the author was trying to say. I support Zhilin, because he knew that there were not even five hundred rubles at home, and his mother was dying of old age, and he specifically indicated the wrong address on the letter so that it would not reach. This emphasizes Zhilin's ability to take care of loved ones.
I really liked L. Tolstoy's story. he teaches to be cheerful, not to lose hope, to find a way out of a difficult situation, and not to be lazy, like Kostylin.
