A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” was written in 1824, when two views on the modern structure of society clearly developed: the feudal nobles advocated the preservation of the old way of life, defended established norms, while the progressive part of the nobility advocated individual freedom, development of education, the abolition of serfdom.

This complex process is reflected in the main conflict of the writer's play.

Since the publication of the comedy, disputes have not subsided: who is Chatsky in this conflict? Winner or loser? We know the statement of I. A. Goncharov, who called Chatsky the winner, on the other hand, we know that the hero is fleeing from Moscow, is flight a victory? In my opinion, Chatsky can be called both a winner and a loser, depending on the type of conflict that we will consider.

Why does Chatsky come to Famusov's house? The answer is simple: for Sophia. In childhood, they were friends, in their youth they were passionate about each other, and now, returning from a trip, Chatsky hurries to Famusov's house. And as soon as he saw Sophia, feelings return. “How beautiful Sofya Pavlovna has become with you!” he says to Famusov. The hero is emotional, impetuous:

Well, kiss the same, did not wait? speak!

Well, for? Not? Look at my face.

And what does he see? – “Surprised? but only? Here's the welcome!" Chatsky immediately notices Sophia's coldness, but does not want to believe it, like any person in love. And he remains in Famusov's house to find out the reason for the indifference of his beloved. At first glance, it seems that he has no rivals. After all, Molchalin, who serves as a secretary in Famusov's house, "before was so stupid" (according to the hero). He calls him "the most miserable creature" incapable of love. Skalozub (whom Famusov so warmly welcomes, hoping that he will become his future son-in-law) is also not considered a hero as a rival: a conversation with him convinced Chatsky that Sophia cannot fall in love with a person who thinks only about promotion. At the end of the play, Chatsky witnesses the scene from which he learns that Sofya loves Molchalin. And he leaves Moscow:

Get out of Moscow! I don't come here anymore.

I'm running, I won't look back, I'll go looking around the world,

Where there is a corner for the offended feeling!

But in parallel with the love in the play, a social conflict develops. Chatsky, who is trying to understand Sophia's feelings, constantly has to deal with people of the Famus circle. The hero is not used to lying, he directly says everything he thinks, and therefore a conflict arises. The views of the hero are opposite to the established opinion of aristocratic Moscow. For example, Famusov cites his uncle as an example, who achieved honor and respect under Catherine. But what? The ability to serve. For Chatsky, this is unacceptable. I would be glad to serve, it’s sickening to serve, ”he says in response to Famusov’s monologue. The hero wants to serve "the cause, not the persons," that is, the Motherland. He is sure that now another time has come:

Although there are hunters to scoff everywhere,

Yes, now laughter is frightening, and keeps shame in check ...

But representatives of high society cling to the old way of life, because it makes it possible to live for their own pleasure, build a career thanks to numerous connections, and improve their financial situation. Here, for example, Colonel Skalozub admits:

I am quite happy in my comrades,

Vacancies are just open:

Then the elders will be turned off by others,

Others, you see, are killed.

For Chatsky, such a path is impossible (“The past life has the meanest traits,” he says about the life that the serfs lead). The hero openly opposes serfdom, in which a person can be exchanged for "three greyhounds". Or, for the sake of a fortress ballet, take children from their mothers and fathers, and then sell them one by one. Chatsky preaches the development of science and education, and this is what causes such anger in the Famus society that the hero is declared crazy. As mentioned above, he leaves Moscow, but not because one was afraid to go against the world, but because Sophia preferred the other to him. But did Chatsky change his views? Has he ceased to stand alone against all of Moscow? No, until the last minutes of his stay in Famusov's house, he directly and frankly said what he thought. And in this I see his victory. Do not change your ideals, do not become like everyone else, go against the opinion of society, defending your views - that is why Chatsky is the winner for me. It is people like him who in 1925 will take part in the December armed uprising and will be exiled to Siberia.

Thus, answering the question: “Who is Chatsky?” - I want to say that for me he is a winner. Yes, he lost in a love conflict, Sophia preferred another to him. So she was just like everyone else. A husband like Molchalin is convenient for her: "husband-boy, husband-servant." Maybe it's good that they went their separate ways. It is much more important that the hero remained true to his ideals, and this is his victory. And time will put everything in its place.

"Woe from Wit" is one of the greatest dramatic works. Griboyedov's famous comedy was created a few years after the end of World War II and shortly before the main question that worries literary scholars and critics regarding this creation: "Who is Chatsky - the defeated or the winner?"

Fathers and Sons

When Griboyedov decided to create a comedy, which subsequently caused a resonance in the cultural life of Russia, there was a significant upsurge in society, which was caused primarily by an obvious split among the representatives of the nobility. The protagonist of the play has become the personification of a lively mind and advanced aspirations, especially noticeable against the backdrop of outdated patriarchal mores, adherents of which are other characters. The author portrayed the struggle of generations in the comedy. In order to write an essay on the topic “Chatsky: defeated or winner?”, It is necessary to understand the social situation that developed in Russia in the twenties of the nineteenth century.

The birth of the Decembrist movement

French enlighteners had a huge impact on the worldview of young nobles, many of whom became members of secret societies. Often discussions on political topics did not end with anything. However, an opposition movement was formed by especially zealous young people. The actions of the Decembrists, namely the name given to the most active members of the secret organizations, led to the tragedy. On December 14, 1825, an uprising took place. Many members of the societies were exiled to Siberia. The main instigators are executed.

Revolutionary ideas

How can these events help answer the question: "Who is Chatsky - a winner or a loser?" The composition "Woe from Wit" was conceived by the author five years before the uprising. The comedy is about a young educated man who selflessly loves a girl, is critical of Moscow society and, most importantly, is not understood by others. The fact is that Chatsky is a representative of that very young generation of nobles, among whom there were so many opponents of the old reactionary system. He embodied the best qualities of the Decembrists, expressed his view of the social order that prevailed in Russia, which caused him to some extent suffered.

The only representative of the younger generation of the nobility in comedy is Alexander Andreevich Chatsky. Defeated or winner is the hero of Griboyedov? This question cannot be answered unambiguously. Chatsky was opposed by the author with the so-called He is opposed not just by the worldview of one or two characters, but by a whole way of life, a set of prejudices and habits.

Griboyedov and his contemporaries

How to write an essay on the topic “Chatsky - winner or loser?” The essay, which at one time caused a lot of controversy in Moscow society, causes many problems for modern students. First of all, you need to have an idea of ​​​​how contemporaries perceived the play. Comedy was banned for a while. Then the residents of the capital saw it in a censored form. In the original, the comedy made an indelible impression on the theater audience. For the first time in the play, extremely sensitive issues were raised. In addition, there has never been a hero like Chatsky in Russian dramaturgy.

Revolutionary Hero Ideas

In order to understand the uniqueness of the image created by Griboedov, one should pay attention to the fact that the most important issues of upbringing and education were raised in the comedy. The author raised the topic of civic duty, expressed his opinion on the true service to the Fatherland. And he did all this with the help of the main character. It was in the mouth of Chatsky that he put his thoughts, with his help he expressed advanced views on the rigidity of society. The only hero who is aware of the need for fundamental social changes is Chatsky. Whether he is defeated or victorious in this dispute, which is very hidden and satirical in comedy, is not so important. Chatsky is not understood by Famusov, Sofya and other actors. Such is the fate of every person who expresses fresh ideas. Especially if these ideas diverge from the usual way of life. It is easier for the heroes of a comedy to take Chatsky for a madman than to listen to his words. And in the eyes of this society, he will always be defeated.

Famus Society

Lies and hypocrisy reign in Famusov's house. They have taken root here so much that almost everything is built on them. Famusov lectures his daughter on the purity of morals and sets his monastic lifestyle as an example to her, despite the fact that he flirted with Lisa five minutes before. Molchalin portrays a man in love with Sophia, while in his soul there is only room for ambitious thoughts. Famusov's daughter is able to see lies, but does not want to do this, since living in the usual lies is more comfortable and calmer. And against this background, the winner or the defeated hero stands out clearly in the world of lies and hypocrisy? Chatsky is inspired by advanced ideas. He is ready to go against society in the name of his ideals. But hypocrisy has become so ingrained in the way of life of Famusov and his associates that any dispute about truth and honor can only lead to defeat.

Sofia and Molchalin

The work is based on a love story. When Chatsky finds out that Sophia preferred him to the narrow-minded, but extremely purposeful Molchalin, a social conflict begins to develop, and at the same time the character of the protagonist is revealed. To the question of who Chatsky is - the winner or the loser, Griboyedov does not give an answer. The audience forms an opinion about the hero in the course of the play. They are outraged by the delusions of Sophia, a girl who is not devoid of noble spiritual qualities, but unable to love Chatsky, since he turns out to be too alien in her environment.

Molchalin's deception seems rude and obvious. But at the beginning of the play, Famusov's secretary appears as a deceiver only in the eyes of the protagonist. Sophia does not see lies because of her upbringing, French novels that she reads avidly, and unwillingness to take seriously the truthful and sharp words that Chatsky utters. In the characterization of the hero, his relationship with Sophia is not of the greatest importance. But it is precisely thanks to the opposition of the hero to the obliging Molchalin that the answer to the main question that the author of the essay based on the comedy Woe from Wit poses becomes clear. Who is Chatsky? Winner or loser? The answer is this: in the eternal dispute about lies and truth, only this character can win. He does not curry favor with high-ranking officials, he does not become like Molchalin. He remains himself even when he is rejected by Sophia, whom he has loved since childhood. And even though the Famus society does not accept his views, preferring to continue to be content with false arguments, Chatsky does not change his views. The further fate of the characters is unknown to the viewer. But one can only guess that the false world will be destroyed sooner or later.

Get out of Moscow!

Chatsky is concerned about social problems. He realizes the horror of serfdom, in which every sincere thought is destroyed. In such a society, Molchalin feels comfortable. Chatsky has no place in it, and he leaves.

And if we consider the conflict from an external point of view, the answer to the question: “Who is Chatsky in the comedy? Winner or loser? briefly can be given in this way: he could not fight for his ideals to the end, and therefore lost. Chatsky left, leaving the Famusovs in bewilderment and irritation. The real victor had to remain and offer a more substantial opposition to the reactionary society. Although, perhaps, the clash of views depicted by Griboyedov was the first impetus for serious revolutionary activity, and one of the future participants in the opposition movement was the prototype of Chatsky? But the question of whether the hero of Griboedov was a Decembrist is the topic of another article.

In comedy A.S. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit”, we met many heroes, one of whom was Alexander Andreevich Chatsky.
Alexander Andreevich Chatsky is a very good person, in my opinion. He was well brought up. His behavior and his words emphasized some grace, subtlety and superiority. Chatsky, unlike Famusov, is smart and full of knowledge. Also, Alexander Andreevich always wanted to do something for the benefit of society and honestly serve the Fatherland. And this once again emphasizes his nobility and superiority.
Chatsky has always been worthy of the best. And when he fell in love with Sophia, he, like all young people in love, believed that Sophia loved him as passionately as he loved her. But it wasn't. When Chatsky, having arrived, meets Sophia, he begins to remember the wonderful past, not knowing that Sophia is no longer the same as she used to be. Alexander recalls their childhood spent together:
Where is the time? where is that innocent age,
When it used to be a long evening
You and I will appear, disappear here and there,
We play and make noise on chairs and tables.
And here is yours, father and madam, behind the picket;
We are in a dark corner, and it seems that in this!
Do you remember? shudder that the table creaks, the door ...
But Sophia is not touched by this past at all, she considers the time spent with him just childish. The enamored Chatsky does not understand this. He is still simple and naive in his blind love. But still, no matter how attached Chatsky was to Sophia, it took him only one day for the “veil to fall off” from his eyes. He learns that Sofia is already absolutely indifferent. It happens like this: Chatsky offers Sofia his help at any moment, in any trouble, but she refuses him and says: “What do you need me for?”. By this, she emphasizes that she simply does not need him. Alexander finally understands this and decides to leave Moscow so as not to see all the vile and hypocritical things that are happening in the Famusovs' house and, in particular, with Sofia.
Chatsky did the right thing, that he did not close his eyes again to all the whims and whims of Sofia. He once and for all let her know that there are girls in the world nobler and better than her. Chatsky left as a winner, not allowing himself to be deceived further.

In fact, who is Chatsky: the winner or the loser in this endless game of pretense, envy, ranks and noisy balls of that hour of Moscow:
Where, show us, fathers of the fatherland,
Which should we take as samples?
Are not these rich in robbery?
They found protection from court in friends, in kinship,
Magnificent building chambers,
Where they overflow in feasts and extravagance,
And where foreign clients will not resurrect
The meanest traits of the past life.
Yes, and who in Moscow did not clamp their mouths
Lunches, dinners and dances?
Such was Moscow of that time, such was that society, and Chatsky emerged victorious from this stupid game, composed of deceit and servility. He is the winner because he did not want to become like Molchalin, who did nothing but suck up to high people, for which he received all sorts of awards and gifts. Chatsky did not want to become like Famusov, who was indifferent to everything except money and being respected. Chatsky lived not by rank and not by money, but by mind and heart. He sincerely loved Sophia, who was once interesting and sociable, but in the three years of his absence turned into one of the puppets of the Famusov theater, which was controlled by money and boundless envy and at the same time flattery and respect, so incomparable:
... And he answered: “No wonder, Lisa, I’m crying:
Who knows what I will find when I turn back?
And how much, perhaps, I will lose!”
The poor thing seemed to know that in three years ...
The winner is Chatsky, perhaps also because he knew how to relate to everything with a laugh. He was amused by everything, and he perceived everything as a temporary phenomenon. Chatsky was an optimist and sincerely did not believe that the Famusovs would rule the world, but his only hope remained hope. Chatsky is not understood or does not want to be understood. If he found support among people, maybe they would not consider him crazy. But still it happened. Why? Because of the truth! That open and clear, like day, which was closed from the eyes of other people by clouds of lies and envy. This was Chatsky's main victory. In the truth, which he knew how to see and understand, but he was alone and therefore had to leave. Even if they did not understand him and slandered him, Chatsky remained himself and became the winner in this game called Life:
... Crazy you glorified me with all the chorus.
You are right: he will come out of the fire unharmed,
Breathe the air alone
And his mind will survive.
Get out of Moscow! I don't come here anymore.
I'm running, I won't look back, I'll go looking around the world,
Where there is a corner for the offended feeling! ..
Carriage for me, carriage!

“Woe from Wit” is a satirical comedy by Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov. In this play, through clashes of characters, important phenomena of the social life of Russia in the last century are reflected.
The conflict of the play (the struggle between different groups of the nobility) sharply divides the characters into two camps: the advanced nobility - Chatsky and his like-minded people - and the conservative nobility - the Famus society. All struggle is in the name of the people. However, Chatsky had a complete break with the Famus society. His image shows that he embodies the thoughts and feelings of an advanced person, a nobleman.
Alexander Andreevich Chatsky - the main character of the play "Woe from Wit". The author likes him. We like this character too. Chatsky loves, doubts, resents, suffers defeats, argues, but still remains undefeated. However, the Famus society also gains a kind of upper hand, since Chatsky leaves "out of Moscow." But one can feel the fear behind this external victory before the inevitable defeat in the battle with hundreds of Chatskys. Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov said in his remark:
I would strictly forbid these gentlemen
Drive up to the capitals for a shot.
We, the readers, listen to Chatsky's speeches, his advice and actions. After all, everything that the author wants to tell us is concentrated in his image.
Chatsky returns to Moscow full of thoughts, new ideas, love. But here surprises await him. He learns that his beloved Sophia has cheated on him. About this, Chatsky enthusiastically reports:
Blind! in whom I was looking for the reward of all labors!
Hurry!., flew! trembled! Here happiness, thought, close.
Before whom I daviche so passionately and so lowly
There was a waster of tender words!
And you! Oh my goodness! who did you choose?
When I think about who you preferred!
Why did they lure me in with hope!
Why didn't they tell me directly
What did you turn all the past into laughter?!
That memory even hates you
Those feelings, in both of us the movements of the hearts of those
Which in me have not cooled the distance,
No entertainment, no changing places.
Breathed, and lived by them, was constantly busy!
The denouement of the conflict in comedy is the announcement of Chatsky as crazy for his dissent. But he just gets into a society where:
Everyone is racing! Everyone curse! crowd of tormentors,
In the love of traitors, in the enmity of the tireless,
Indomitable storytellers,
Clumsy wise men, crafty simpletons,
Sinister old women, old men.
decrepit over fiction, nonsense ...
But Chatsky finds a way out of this situation and is already accusing the Famus society of having allegedly lost his mind:
You. right: he will come out of the fire unharmed,
Who will have time to spend the day with you,
Breathe the air alone
And his mind will survive...
In my opinion, Chatsky is both a winner and a loser. He loses some battles but wins others. He is a fighter for individual freedom and equality. Chatsky wants to bring something new, progressive. At the same time he is indignant and exultant. And this mood is conveyed to the reader in Chatsky's final monologue.
The main idea of ​​this play is an energetic protest against the vile reality of that time. “Woe from Wit” is relevant to this day, since people like the Famus society have not disappeared in our world, but people like Chatsky have remained.

Composition on the topic: “Who is Chatsky: the winner or the defeated?”

9th grade student "G"

Sergeev Grigory Konstantinovich

Lecturer: Romanova Ludmila Anisimovna

Rating: good

"Woe from Wit" is one of the brightest works of Russian literature. The comedy was written after the Patriotic War of 1812, during the rise of the spiritual life of Russia. At this time, the split in the noble environment becomes obvious. The influence of the ideas of the French enlighteners, European revolutionaries, the growth of national consciousness after the war of 1812 formed the Decembrist ideology, united many young nobles in an effort to change Russian society. However, most of the Russian nobility remained deaf or hostile to new trends. It is this situation, this conflict, that Griboyedov captured in his work.

The young nobility in comedy is represented in comedy by only one person - Alexander Andreyevich Chatsky. He is opposed by a whole circle of nobles with the most conservative views. This circle is usually called the "Famus society". This name is not meaningless. Indeed, the central and most detailed figure here is Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov, in whose monologues, remarks and actions one can most clearly see the laws by which his entire environment lives, united in their views on life. Thus, Chatsky is opposed by a whole way of life, a set of habits and prejudices, the whole society, and not individuals.

In the play, which depicts only one day in Famusov's house, Griboedov touched upon the most important issues of the time: about upbringing and education, about serving the fatherland and civic duty, about serfdom and admiration for everything foreign. He showed the struggle between the “current century” and the “past century” in the person of Chatsky and the Famus society.

In Famusov's house, relations between people are built on lies and hypocrisy. The main occupations of the inhabitants of this house are "lunches, dinners and dances." And now Chatsky bursts into this house, where vices are covered with ostentatious virtue. In the image of Chatsky, Griboyedov showed a man of a new mindset and soul, inspired by advanced ideas, ready to go against society for the sake of his ideals.

The play is based on a love drama, under which social and ideological conflicts are hidden. In these conflicts, the character of Chatsky is revealed.

Chatsky comes to Famusov's house to a girl named Sophia, whom she loves, but this girl cheated on him. Chatsky suffers from the fact that Sophia preferred to him the narrow-minded and helpful Molchalin, who has only two talents: "moderation and accuracy." With all her mental inclinations, Sophia belongs entirely to the Famus society. She cannot fall in love with Chatsky, because he completely opposes this society with the turn of his mind and soul. Sophia is one of the "tormentors" who offended the bright mind and fiery feeling of Chatsky. Therefore, Chatsky's personal drama develops into a public one and determines his fate as a lonely dreamer in the Famus world.

Chatsky is tormented by social problems, he understands the whole horror of serfdom, in which every independent thought, every sincere feeling is doomed to persecution, when “from mothers, fathers of rejected children” they are driven “to a serf ballet” in order to satisfy the desire of the master, when people are changed " on greyhounds three dogs. Chatsky sees that people in power are not concerned about the problems of the people and the state, they are only:

They found protection from court in friends, in kinship,

Magnificent building chambers,

Where they overflow in feasts and in extravagance.

And, of course, in such a society it is not the Chatskys with their minds that are blissful, but the Molchalins, who know how to “stroke a pug in time, rub a card in there at the right time.” And such a person as Chatsky will forever be expelled from such a society.

Chatsky is a man of the new world. He does not accept the laws of old Moscow. He has his own idea of ​​serving the fatherland. In his opinion, it is necessary to serve honestly, "without demanding either places or promotion." Chatsky opposes people who value only wealth and rank, are afraid of truth and enlightenment. He connects the progress of society with the flourishing of the individual, the development of science and education, which is alien to the Famus society. A man who has received a good education and has a brilliant mind, Chatsky does not want to take people like Maxim Petrovich (Famusov's ideal) as examples, because he does not see any moral virtues in them. Chatsky casts doubt on the moral authority of the fathers, speaking of "the meanest features of life" and comparing the new century with the past century, not at all in favor of the latter. Chatsky is not only an accuser, he is also a fighter. A fighter for the cause, for the idea, for the truth. During the play, a kind of verbal duel takes place between Chatsky and society, in which each side defends its own opinion. In Famusov's society, Chatsky's ideas, his speeches and views remain misunderstood. Chatsky wants to express everything that has accumulated in his soul. Therefore, at a ball in Famusov's house, he turns all those gathered against him. Society, sensing this, overthrew him and ridiculed him. The entourage takes revenge on Chatsky for the truth that “stings his eyes”, for trying to break the usual way of life. The beloved girl, turning away from him, hurts the hero the most, spreading the rumor about his madness. Here is the paradox: the only sane person is declared insane. "So! I sobered up completely, ”Chatsky exclaims at the end of the play. What is it - an admission of defeat or an epiphany? Yes, the end of this comedy is far from being cheerful, but Goncharov is right when he said this about the finale: “Chatsky is broken by the amount of old strength, inflicting a mortal blow on it with the quality of fresh strength.” The role of all the Chatskys is “passive”, but at the same time always victorious. But they do not know about their victory, they only sow, and others reap.

But at the same time, if we consider Chatsky from a practical point of view, then he is defeated. Why? Yes, because he could not defend his ideals further, although if he firmly believed in them, he should have fought for them to the end. But he could not stand it, he left and thus gave the Famus society a reason to consider himself defeated. Everyone can leave. But in my opinion, this is an act of the weak. A strong man must remain, must gather around him progressive people who can resist society. But there are such people, and they are mentioned in the comedy: Skalozub's cousin, Prince Fedor and others. To live in society, no matter what, to fight all its vices - that's the act of the winner.

The comedy "Woe from Wit" holds itself somewhat apart in literature and is distinguished by a stronger vitality from other works of the word.
The main role in the comedy “Woe from Wit”, of course, is the role of Chatsky, without which there would be no comedy, but, perhaps, there would be a picture of morals.
One might think that Griboedov, out of paternal love for his hero, flattered him in the title, as if warning the reader that his hero is smart, and everyone else around him is stupid. But Chatsky is not only smarter than all other people, but also positively smart. His speech is full of wit. He has a heart, and besides, he is impeccably honest. However, many are perplexed about Chatsky: what is he?
Famusov says about Chatsky: "He writes and translates nicely." He, of course, did not travel without reason, studied, read, was in contact with the ministers, and got divorced - it is not difficult to guess why.
“I would be glad to serve - it’s sickening to serve!” he hints.
He loves seriously, seeing Sophia as a future wife.
Chatsky, and this is his mistake and tragedy, at first does not perceive Molchalin, does not see him as a worthy opponent. For Chatsky, Molchalin is a complete nonentity, "the most miserable creature." A.S. Pushkin wrote: “Among the masterful features of this charming comedy, Chatsky's incredulity in Sophia's love for Molchalin is charming! - and how natural! It was on him that the whole comedy was supposed to revolve ... ”
Griboedov's character traits and worldview were deeply reflected in the comedy Woe from Wit, primarily in the image of Chatsky. In this image, Griboedov first showed the “new man”. This is the image of a brave and implacable fighter for the cause, for the idea, for the truth.
Sad was the fate of such a lonely fighter as Chatsky is depicted, he is opposed to the world of the Famusovs, Skalozubs, Molchalins and Zagoretskys, with their petty goals and low aspirations.
Griboedov's comedy speaks of a person's grief, and this grief comes from his mind. The idea of ​​a person not just smart, but free-thinking was then associated with the concept of “smart”, “wise guy”. It is the mind of Chatsky in this broad and special sense that puts him outside the Famusovs, Molchalins, Skalozubs, Zagoretskys. The deepest meaning of Griboedov's comedy lies in the fact that it shows how, in the conditions of a serf society, every independent thought, every living passion, every sincere feeling is doomed to persecution.
So who is Chatsky anyway? I believe that despite his position, despite his forced flight from Moscow, ideologically and morally, Chatsky remains the winner. This is confirmed by the words of I. A. Goncharov: “Chatsky is broken by the amount of the old force. He dealt her, in turn, a mortal blow with the quality of his strength. Chatsky is a winner, an advanced warrior, a skirmisher and always a victim.”